High Frequency Techniques: An Introduction to RF and Microwave Engineering

✍ Scribed by Joseph F. White

• Publisher: Wiley-IEEE Press
• Year: 2004
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 531
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

A practical guide for today’s wireless engineer

High Frequency Techniques: An Introduction to RF and Microwave Engineering is a clearly written classical circuit and field theory text illustrated with modern computer simulation software. The book’s ten chapters cover:

• The origins and current uses of wireless transmission
• A review of AC analysis, Kirchhoff’s laws, RLC elements, skin effect, and introduction to the use of computer simulation software
• Resonators, Q definitions, and Q-based impedance matching
• Transmission lines, waves, VSWR, reflection phenomena, Fano’s reflection bandwidth limits, telegrapher, and impedance transformation equations
• Development and in-depth use of the Smith Chart
• Matrix algebra with Z, Y, ABCD, S, and T matrix applications
• An unusually thorough introduction to electromagnetic field theory, step-by-step development of vector calculus, Maxwell’s equations, waveguides, propagation, and antennas
• Backward wave, branch line, rat race and Wilkinson couplers, impedance measurements, and detailed even and odd mode analysis
• Filter designs for Butterworth, Chebyshev, Bessel and elliptic responses, Kuroda’s identities, Richards’s transformation, and computer optimized designs
• Transistor amplifier design using Unilateral Gain, Simultaneous Match, Available Gain and Operating Gain approaches, insuring stability, cascading stages, broadbanding, noise theory, and intermodulation effects

Using informal language, High Frequency Techniques takes the reader step-by- step through RF and microwave theory and design, providing a lasting practical reference for the practicing wireless engineer.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover......Page 1
CONTENTS......Page 10
PREFACE......Page 18
1.1 BEGINNING OF WIRELESS......Page 26
1.2 CURRENT RADIO SPECTRUM......Page 29
1.3 CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS TEXT......Page 33
1.4 VECTORS AND COORDINATES......Page 36
1.5 GENERAL CONSTANTS AND USEFUL CONVERSIONS......Page 39
2.1 BASIC CIRCUIT ELEMENTS......Page 41
2.2 KIRCHHOFF’S LAWS......Page 47
2.3 ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC) ANALYSIS......Page 48
2.4 VOLTAGE AND CURRENT PHASORS......Page 51
2.5 IMPEDANCE......Page 53
2.6 ADMITTANCE......Page 55
2.8 DECIBELS, dBW, AND dBm......Page 58
2.9 POWER TRANSFER......Page 63
2.10 SPECIFYING LOSS......Page 65
2.11 REAL RLC MODELS......Page 69
2.12 DESIGNING LC ELEMENTS......Page 71
2.13 SKIN EFFECT......Page 76
2.14 NETWORK SIMULATION......Page 78
3.1 LC RESONANCE......Page 84
3.2 SERIES CIRCUIT QUALITY FACTORS......Page 85
3.3 PARALLEL CIRCUIT QUALITY FACTORS......Page 87
3.4 COUPLED RESONATORS......Page 88
3.5 Q MATCHING......Page 92
4.1 TRANSMISSION LINES......Page 103
4.2 WAVELENGTH IN A DIELECTRIC......Page 106
4.3 PULSES ON TRANSMISSION LINES......Page 107
4.4 INCIDENT AND REFLECTED WAVES......Page 108
4.5 REFLECTION COEFFICIENT......Page 110
4.7 MISMATCH LOSS......Page 111
4.8 MISMATCH ERROR......Page 112
4.9 THE TELEGRAPHER EQUATIONS......Page 116
4.10 TRANSMISSION LINE WAVE EQUATIONS......Page 117
4.11 WAVE PROPAGATION......Page 119
4.12 PHASE AND GROUP VELOCITIES......Page 122
4.13 REFLECTION COEFFICIENT AND IMPEDANCE......Page 125
4.14 IMPEDANCE TRANSFORMATION EQUATION......Page 126
4.15 IMPEDANCE MATCHING WITH ONE TRANSMISSION LINE......Page 133
4.16 FANO’S (AND BODE’S) LIMIT......Page 134
5.1 BASIS OF THE SMITH CHART......Page 144
5.2 DRAWING THE SMITH CHART......Page 149
5.3 ADMITTANCE ON THE SMITH CHART......Page 155
5.4 TUNING A MISMATCHED LOAD......Page 157
5.5 SLOTTED-LINE IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT......Page 160
5.8 NAVIGATING THE SMITH CHART......Page 165
5.9 SMITH CHART SOFTWARE......Page 170
5.10 ESTIMATING BANDWIDTH ON THE SMITH CHART......Page 172
5.11 APPROXIMATE TUNING MAY BE BETTER......Page 173
5.13 USING THE SMITH CHART WITHOUT TRANSMISSION LINES......Page 175
5.14 CONSTANT Q CIRCLES......Page 176
5.15 TRANSMISSION LINE LUMPED CIRCUIT EQUIVALENT......Page 178
6.1 MATRIX ALGEBRA......Page 186
6.2 Z AND Y MATRICES......Page 189
6.3 RECIPROCITY......Page 191
6.4 THE ABCD MATRIX......Page 192
6.5 THE SCATTERING MATRIX......Page 197
6.6 THE TRANSMISSION MATRIX......Page 202
7.1 VECTOR FORCE FIELDS......Page 208
7.3 ELECTRIC FIELD E......Page 210
7.4 MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY......Page 212
7.5 VECTOR CROSS PRODUCT......Page 213
7.6 ELECTROSTATICS AND GAUSS’S LAW......Page 218
7.7 VECTOR DOT PRODUCT AND DIVERGENCE......Page 219
7.8 STATIC POTENTIAL FUNCTION AND THE GRADIENT......Page 221
7.9 DIVERGENCE OF THE B FIELD......Page 225
7.10 AMPERE’S LAW......Page 226
7.11 VECTOR CURL......Page 227
7.12 FARADAY’S LAW OF INDUCTION......Page 233
7.13 MAXWELL’S EQUATIONS......Page 234
7.14 PRIMARY VECTOR OPERATIONS......Page 239
7.15 THE LAPLACIAN......Page 240
7.16 VECTOR AND SCALAR IDENTITIES......Page 243
7.17 FREE CHARGE WITHIN A CONDUCTOR......Page 244
7.18 SKIN EFFECT......Page 246
7.19 CONDUCTOR INTERNAL IMPEDANCE......Page 249
7.20 THE WAVE EQUATION......Page 252
7.21 THE HELMHOLTZ EQUATIONS......Page 254
7.22 PLANE PROPAGATING WAVES......Page 255
7.23 POYNTING’S THEOREM......Page 258
7.24 WAVE POLARIZATION......Page 261
7.25 EH FIELDS ON TRANSMISSION LINES......Page 265
7.26 WAVEGUIDES......Page 271
7.27 FOURIER SERIES AND GREEN’S FUNCTIONS......Page 286
7.28 HIGHER ORDER MODES IN CIRCUITS......Page 294
7.29 VECTOR POTENTIAL......Page 296
7.30 RETARDED POTENTIALS......Page 299
7.32 ANTENNAS......Page 300
7.33 PATH LOSS......Page 315
7.34 ELECTROMAGNETIC (EM) SIMULATION......Page 319
8.2 THE BACKWARD WAVE COUPLER......Page 332
8.3 EVEN- AND ODD-MODE ANALYSIS......Page 334
8.4 REFLECTIVELY TERMINATED 3-dB COUPLER......Page 345
8.5 COUPLER SPECIFICATIONS......Page 348
8.6 MEASUREMENTS USING DIRECTIONAL COUPLERS......Page 350
8.7 NETWORK ANALYZER IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENTS......Page 351
8.9 BRANCH LINE COUPLER......Page 352
8.11 WILKINSON POWER DIVIDER......Page 355
9.1 VOLTAGE TRANSFER FUNCTION......Page 360
9.2 LOW-PASS PROTOTYPE......Page 361
9.3 BUTTERWORTH OR MAXIMALLY FLAT FILTER......Page 362
9.4 DENORMALIZING THE PROTOTYPE RESPONSE......Page 364
9.5 HIGH-PASS FILTERS......Page 368
9.6 BANDPASS FILTERS......Page 370
9.7 BANDSTOP FILTERS......Page 374
9.8 CHEBYSHEV FILTERS......Page 376
9.9 PHASE AND GROUP DELAY......Page 381
9.10 FILTER Q......Page 386
9.11 DIPLEXER FILTERS......Page 389
9.12 TOP-COUPLED BANDPASS FILTERS......Page 392
9.13 ELLIPTIC FILTERS......Page 394
9.14 DISTRIBUTED FILTERS......Page 395
9.15 THE RICHARDS TRANSFORMATION......Page 399
9.16 KURODA’S IDENTITIES......Page 404
9.17 MUMFORD’S MAXIMALLY FLAT STUB FILTERS......Page 406
9.18 FILTER DESIGN WITH THE OPTIMIZER......Page 409
9.19 STATISTICAL DESIGN AND YIELD ANALYSIS......Page 411
10.1 UNILATERAL DESIGN......Page 424
10.2 AMPLIFIER STABILITY......Page 430
10.3 K FACTOR......Page 434
10.4 TRANSDUCER GAIN......Page 438
10.5 UNILATERAL GAIN DESIGN......Page 441
10.6 UNILATERAL GAIN CIRCLES......Page 447
10.7 SIMULTANEOUS CONJUGATE MATCH DESIGN......Page 453
10.8 VARIOUS GAIN DEFINITIONS......Page 456
10.9 OPERATING GAIN DESIGN......Page 458
10.10 AVAILABLE GAIN DESIGN......Page 462
10.11 NOISE IN SYSTEMS......Page 467
10.12 LOW-NOISE AMPLIFIERS......Page 475
10.13 AMPLIFIER NONLINEARITY......Page 480
10.14 BROADBANDING WITH FEEDBACK......Page 485
10.15 CASCADING AMPLIFIER STAGES......Page 491
10.16 AMPLIFIER DESIGN SUMMARY......Page 493
Symbols and Units......Page 499
COMPLEX MATHEMATICS......Page 503
Diameter and Resistance of Annealed Copper Wire by Gauge Size......Page 508
Properties of Some Materials......Page 510
Standard Rectangular Waveguides......Page 511
INDEX......Page 512