High exogenous homocysteine modifies eye development in early chick embryos
✍ Scribed by Carmen Maestro De Las Casas; Marta Epeldegui; Consuelo Tudela; Gregorio Varela-Moreiras; Julia Pérez-Miguelsanz
- Publisher
- John Wiley and Sons
- Year
- 2003
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 437 KB
- Volume
- 67
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 1542-0752
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✦ Synopsis
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Homocysteine is a nonessential aminoacid whose increase is related to the appearance of neural tube defects in humans. In chick embryos, high levels of homocysteine produce neural tube defects and alteration of neural crest cell migration.
METHODS
In our study, 8 μl of L‐homocysteine thiolactone (20 μmol) was added to chick embryos of Stages 3–8/10 (Hamburger and Hamilton, 1951), (12–38 hr of incubation). Three days later, 50 embryos, externally normal or carrying isolated spinal neural tube defects, were sectioned and stained by hematoxilin‐eosin or anti‐fibrillin‐1 antibody.
RESULTS
The eye showed alterations of the optic cup as microphthalmia, or lens dislocation. In both cases, the incidence of alterations diminished with the age of the homocysteine‐increased embryos. Optic cup modifications are probably associated with central nervous system alterations, because most of the affected embryos exhibited isolated spinal neural tube defects and had altered neural crest cells. We have shown for the first time that high exogenous homocysteine during early development could produce a caudally‐displaced lens axis before the zonule is formed. Fibrillin‐1 is the main component of elastic microfibrils, and in the adult human it is seen as a protein particularly susceptible to homocysteine attack.
CONCLUSIONS
Antibody staining against fibrillin‐1 showed no evident morphological differences in distribution between experimental and control embryos in the lens, suggesting that fibrillin‐1 was not the cause, and malformations may be attributed to other mechanisms. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 67:35–40, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.