Abstract
Diet can be one of the most important factors that influence risks for cardiovascular diseases. Hesperetin, a flavonoid present in grapefruits and oranges, is one candidate that may benefit the cardiovascular system. In this study, we have investigated the effect of hesperetin on the platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐BB‐induced proliferation of primary cultured rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Hesperetin significantly inhibited 50 ng/ml PDGF‐BB‐induced rat aortic VSMCs proliferation and [^3^H]‐thymidine incorporation into DNA at concentrations of 5, 25, 50, and 100 µM. In accordance with these findings, hesperetin revealed blocking of the PDGF‐BB‐inducible progression through G~0~/G~1~ to S phase of the cell cycle in synchronized cells. Western blot showed that hesperetin inhibited not only phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (pRb) and expressions of cyclin A, cyclin D, cyclin E, cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) as well as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein, but also downregulation of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) p27^kip1^, while did not affect CKI p21^cip1^, p16^INK4^, p53, and CDK4 expressions as well as early signaling transductions such as PDGF beta‐receptor, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, Akt, p38, and JNK phosphorylation. These results suggest that hesperetin inhibits PDGF‐BB‐induced rat aortic VSMCs proliferation via G~0~/G~1~ arrest in association with modulation of the expression or activation of cell‐cycle regulatory proteins, which may contribute to the beneficial effect of grapefruits and oranges on cardiovascular system. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 1–14, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.