Left heart catheterization by direct ven
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Morgan, J. M. ;Gray, H. H. ;Gelder, C. ;Miller, G. A. H.
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Article
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1989
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John Wiley and Sons
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English
β 330 KB
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If retrograde arterial catheterization of the left ventricle fails because of a stenosed native or tissue valve or is contraindicated because of the presence of a mechanical aortlc prosthesls, then alternative routes of access to the left ventricle are either trans-septa1 or direct (transaplcal) lef