Heat Transfer Principles and Applications
Copyright
Unit conversions
Constants
Preface
Acknowledgments
Copyright.pdf
Unit Conversions.pdf
Constants.pdf
Preface.pdf
Acknowledgments.pdf
Chapter 1 - Introduction to heat transfer
1 - Introduction to heat transfer
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Modes of heat transfer
1.3 Conduction
1.3.1 Conduction through a plane wall
1.4 Convection
1.5 Radiation
1.6 The direction of heat flow
1.7 Temperature continuity and heat balances
1.8 Unit systems
1.9 Recommended approach to problem solving
Step 1 - Problem definition
Step 2 - Problem givens
Step 3 - Determine the appropriate equations
Step 4 - Obtain the solution
Step 5 - Review the solution
1.10 Significant figures
1.11 Chapter summary and final remarks
1.12 Problems
References
Chapter 2 - Heat conduction equation and boundary conditions
2 - Heat conduction equation and boundary conditions
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Heat conduction equation
2.2.1 Rectangular coordinates
2.2.1.1 Special casesโrectangular coordinates
2.2.2 Cylindrical coordinates
2.2.2.1 Special casesโcylindrical coordinates
2.2.3 Spherical coordinates
2.2.3.1 Special casesโspherical coordinates
2.3 Boundary conditions
2.3.1 Rectangular coordinates
2.3.1.1 Specified temperature
2.3.1.2 Specified heat flux
2.3.1.3 Insulated boundary
2.3.1.4 Convection
2.3.1.5 Radiation
2.3.1.6 Convection and radiation
2.3.1.7 Symmetry conditions
2.3.1.8 Interfacial boundary
2.3.2 Cylindrical and spherical coordinates
2.3.2.1 Symmetry conditions
2.4 Initial conditions
2.5 Chapter summary and final remarks
2.6 Problems
Uncited references
Chapter 3 - Steady-state conduction
3 - Steady-state conduction
3.1 Introduction
3.2 One-dimensional conduction
3.2.1 Plane wall
3.2.1.1 Multilayered Walls
3.2.1.2 Electric-heat analogy and the resistance concept
3.2.1.3 Overall heat transfer coefficient and R-Value
3.2.2 Cylindrical shell
3.2.3 Spherical shell
3.3 Critical insulation thickness
3.4 Heat generation in a cylinder
3.5 Temperature-dependent thermal conductivity
3.6 Multi-dimensional conduction
3.7 Conduction shape factors
3.8 Extended surfaces (fins)
3.8.1 Fins of constant cross section
3.8.1.1 The governing differential equation and boundary conditions
3.8.1.2 The solution for temperature distribution and heat flow
3.8.1.3 Very-long-fin approximation
3.8.1.4 Insulated-at-end fin approximation
3.8.2 Fin efficiency
3.8.3 Fin effectiveness
3.8.4 Fins of varying cross section
3.8.4.1 Circumferential fins
3.8.4.2 Straight triangular fins
3.8.4.3 Conical pin fins
3.8.5 Closing comments on fins
3.9 Chapter summary and final remarks
3.10 Problems
References
Chapter 4 - Unsteady conduction
4 - Unsteady conduction
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Lumped systems (no spatial variation)
4.2.1 Lumped systems analysis
4.2.2 Application criterion
4.2.3 The time constant
4.3 Systems with spatial variation (large plate, long cylinder, sphere)
4.3.1 Overview
4.3.2 Large plane plates
4.3.3 Long cylinders
4.3.4 Spheres
4.4 Multidimensional systems with spatial variation
4.4.1 Overview
4.4.2 Long bar
4.4.3 Short cylinder
4.4.4 Rectangular solid
4.5 Semi-infinite solid
4.5.1 Overview
4.5.2 Temperature boundary condition
4.5.3 Heat flux boundary condition
4.5.4 Convection boundary condition
4.6 Chapter summary and final remarks
4.7 Problems
References
Chapter 5 - Numerical methods (steady and unsteady)
5 - Numerical methods (steady and unsteady)
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Finite-difference method
5.2.1 Steady state
5.2.2 Unsteady state
5.3 Finite element method
5.4 Chapter summary and final remarks
5.5 Problems
References
Chapter 6 - Forced convection
6 - Forced convection
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Basic considerations
6.3 External flow
6.3.1 Flow over a flat plate
6.3.1.1 Laminar boundary layer
6.3.1.1.1 Continuity equation
6.3.1.1.2 Momentum equation
6.3.1.1.3 Drag force
6.3.1.1.4 Energy equation
6.3.1.1.5 Thermal boundary layer thickness
6.3.1.1.6 Convective coefficient and Nusselt number
6.3.1.1.7 Reynolds-Colburn analogy
6.3.1.1.8 Constant heat flux
6.3.1.1.9 Unheated starting length
6.3.1.2 Turbulent boundary layer
6.3.2 Flow over cylinders and spheres
6.3.2.1 Cylinders
6.3.2.1.1 Circular cylinders
6.3.2.1.2 Noncircular cylinders
6.3.2.2 Spheres
6.3.3 Flow through tube banks
6.4 Internal flow
6.4.1 Entrance lengths
6.4.2 Mean velocity and mean temperature
6.4.3 Constant heat flux
6.4.4 Constant surface temperature
6.4.5 Equivalent diameter for flow through noncircular tubes
6.4.6 Correlations for the Nusselt number and convective coefficient
6.4.6.1 Laminar flow; entrance region
6.4.6.2 Laminar flow; fully developed
6.4.6.3 Turbulent flow; fully developed
6.4.7 Annular flow
6.4.7.1 Fully developed laminar flow
6.4.7.2 Fully developed turbulent flow
6.5 Chapter summary and final remarks
6.6 Problems
References
Chapter 7 - Natural (free) convection
7 - Natural (free) convection
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Basic considerations
7.3 Natural convection for flat plates
7.3.1 Vertical plate
7.3.1.1 Constant temperature surface
7.3.1.2 Constant heat flux surface
7.3.2 Horizontal plate
7.3.2.1 Constant temperature surface
7.3.2.2 Constant heat flux surface
7.3.3 Inclined plate
7.4 Natural convection for cylinders
7.4.1 Horizontal cylinder
7.4.2 Vertical cylinder
7.5 Natural convection for spheres
7.6 Natural convection for other objects
7.7 Natural convection for enclosed spaces
7.7.1 Enclosed rectangular space
7.7.1.1 Horizontal rectangular enclosure
7.7.1.2 Vertical rectangular enclosure
7.7.1.3 Inclined rectangular enclosure
7.7.2 Annular space between concentric cylinders
7.7.3 Space between concentric spheres
7.8 Natural convection between vertical fins
7.9 Chapter summary and final remarks
7.10 Problems
References
Chapter 8 - Heat exchangers
8 - Heat exchangers
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Types of heat exchangers
8.2.1 Temperature distribution in double-pipe heat exchangers
8.3 The overall heat transfer coefficient
8.4 Analysis methods
8.4.1 Log mean temperature difference method
8.4.1.1 Double-pipe heat exchangers
8.4.1.2 Nonโdouble-pipe heat exchangers
8.4.2 Effectivenessโnumber of transfer unit method
8.5 Chapter summary and final remarks
8.6 Problems
References
Chapter 9 - Radiation heat transfer
9 - Radiation heat transfer
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Blackbody emission
9.3 Radiation properties
9.4 Radiation shape factors
9.5 Radiative heat transfer between surfaces
9.5.1 Radiation heat transfer for a two-surface enclosure
9.5.1.1 For surface 1
9.5.1.2 For surface 2
9.5.2 Radiation heat transfer for a three-surface enclosure
9.5.2.1 For surface 1
9.5.2.2 For surface 2
9.5.2.3 For surface 3
9.5.2.4 Three-surface enclosure with an insulated surface
9.6 Radiation shields
9.7 Sky radiation and solar collectors
9.8 Chapter summary and final remarks
9.9 Problems
References
Further reading
Chapter 10 - Multimode heat transfer
10 - Multimode heat transfer
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Procedure for solution of multimode problems
10.3 Examples
10.4 Chapter summary and final remarks
10.5 Problems
Chapter 11 - Mass transfer
11 - Mass transfer
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Concentrations in a gas mixture
11.3 Fick's law of diffusion
11.3.1 Binary gas diffusion coefficient
11.3.2 Binary gasโliquid diffusion coefficient
11.4 Diffusion in gases
11.4.1 Stefan's law
11.4.2 Equimolar counterdiffusion
11.5 The mass-heat analogy
11.5.1 Mass transfer through walls and membranes
11.5.2 Transient diffusion
11.6 Gasโliquid diffusion
11.7 Mass transfer coefficient
11.7.1 Dimensionless parameters
11.7.2 Wet-bulb and dry-bulb psychrometer
11.8 Chapter summary and final remarks
11.9 Problems
References
Chapter 12 - Special topics
12 - Special topics
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Internal heat generation
12.2.1 Heat generation in a plane wall
12.2.2 Heat generation in a sphere
12.3 Contact resistance
12.4 Condensation and boiling
12.4.1 Condensation heat transfer
12.4.1.1 Film condensation for vertical and inclined plates
12.4.1.1.1 Vertical plates
12.4.1.1.2 Inclined plates
12.4.1.2 Film condensation for vertical cylinders
12.4.1.3 Film condensation for horizontal cylinders and for spheres
12.4.2 Boiling heat transfer
12.4.2.1 Regions of pool boiling
12.4.2.2 Nucleate pool boiling
12.4.2.3 Film boiling
12.5 Energy usage in buildings
12.6 Chapter summary and final remarks
12.7 Problems
References
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
K
L
M
N
O
R
S
T
U
V
W
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