HAZARDOUS MATERIALS CHEMISTRY.

• Publisher: JONES & BARTLETT LEARNING
• Year: 2016
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 361
• Edition: 3
• Category: Library

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Title Page
Copyright
BRIEF CONTENTS
CONTENTS
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
FOREWORD
INTRODUCTION
SECTION 1 Guiding Chemical Principles
CHAPTER 1 Applied Scene Chemistry
Introduction
Benner’s Model
Behavior Event: Stress
Behavior Event: Breach
Behavior Event: Release
Behavior Event: Engulfing
Behavior Event: Impingement
Behavior Event: Harm
Measurement
Units of Measurement
Converting Between Units
Scientific Notation
Significant Figures
Scientific Method and Decision Making
Scientific Method
Decision Making
CHAPTER 2 Properties and Toxicology
Introduction
Properties of Matter
Pure Substances Versus Non-Pure Substances
Physical Properties
Chemical Properties
pH Ion Scale
Toxicology
Routes of Entry
Types of Exposure
Exposure Limits
Reducing Potential Exposures
Toxicological Considerations
Reactions in the Body
Testing for Exposure Effects
CHAPTER 3 The Atom
Introduction
The Structure of Atoms
The Periodic Table
Families and Groups
Electronic Structure of the Atom
Electronic Relationships
Periodic Trends
Bonding Basics
General Characteristics
Radiation
Alpha Particles
Beta Particles
Gamma Radiation
Understanding Radioactivity and Radiation Absorbed Dose
Radiation Hazard
Protective Action Guides
Stay Time Charts
CHAPTER 4 Bonding
Introduction
Chemical Bonding
Valence Electrons and Bonding
The Ionic Bond
The Covalent Bond
Ionization of Molecules
Lewis Structures
Rules for Drawing Lewis Structures
Resonance Structures and Formal Charge
Valence-Shell, Electron-Pair Repulsion (VSEPR): Predicting Geometry
Molecular Shape and Polarity
CHAPTER 5 Intermolecular Interactions and Predicting Physical Properties
Introduction
Intermolecular Forces in Pure Materials
Dispersion Forces (Van der Waals)
Dipole-Dipole Interactions
Hydrogen Bonding
The Ionic Bond
Physical Properties of Pure Materials
Phases of Matter
Boiling Points
Vapor Pressure
Phase Diagram
Intermolecular Forces in Mixtures
The Ion-Dipole Interaction
Energetics of Solution Formation
Physical Properties of Liquid Solutions
Vapor Pressure Lowering
Boiling-Point Elevation and Freeze-Point Depression
CHAPTER 6 Gases
Introduction: Materials That Are Gases
The Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases
Boyle’s Law: The Pressure-Volume Relationship
Expansion Ratios
Charles’ Law: Temperature Volume Relationship
Avogadro’s Law: The Relationship Between Quantity and Volume
The Ideal Gas Equation
Gas Laws Revisited
Boyle’s Law Revisited
Charles’ Law Revisited
The Relationship Between Temperature and Pressure
Elevated Temperatures and Dangerous Conditions
The Combined Gas Law
Molar Masses and Gas Densities and Molecular Speeds
Catastrophic Release of Condensed Liquefied Gases: Jack Rabbit Project
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures
CHAPTER 7 Reaction Basics
Introduction
Chemical Equations
Coefficients Versus Subscripts
Law of Conservation of Matter
Enthalpies of Reactions
State Functions
Bond Enthalpies
Rate of Reaction
Activation Energies
Types of Chemical Reactions
Precipitation Reactions
Acid/Base Reactions
Oxidation/Reduction
SECTION 2 Chemical Nomenclature
CHAPTER 8 Inorganic Compounds
Introduction
Chemical Icons
Binary Compounds
Metal Oxides
Inorganic Peroxides
Metal Hydroxides
Hydrates
Polyatomic Ions
OxySalts
OxyAcids
Binary Acids
Binary NonSalts
Nonmetal Oxides (Fire Gases)
Nitrogen-Containing Compounds
CHAPTER 9 Organic Compounds: Hydrocarbons
Introduction
Organic Compounds
Organic Nomenclature
Alkanes
Alkenes
Alkynes
Review of General IUPAC Naming
Cyclo Compounds
Aromatics
Branching and Its Effects on Physical Properties
Petroleum Derivatives
CHAPTER 10 Substituted Hydrocarbon Compounds
Introduction
Halogenated Hydrocarbons
Halons
Methyl Chloride (Chloromethane)
Methylene Chloride (Dichloromethane)
Trichloromethane (Chloroform)
Tetrachloromethane (Carbon Tetrachloride)
Oxygen-Containing Functional Groups: Alcohols, Phenols, and Their Sulfur Analogs
Alcohols
Alcohol Analogs
Phenols
Sulfur Analogs
Thiols
Functional Groups with a Carbonyl Carbon
Aldehydes
Ketones
Ester
Organic Acids
Ethers and Epoxides
Ethers
Organic Peroxides
Nitrogen-Containing Functional Groups
Amines
Amides
Diazonium Salts
Mustard Agents
Nitro Groups
Nitriles
Isocyanates
Polymers
SECTION 3 Application
CHAPTER 11 Tools of the Trade
Introduction
Tools of the Trade
Placarding and Containers
The Street Approach to the DOT Table
Class 1: Explosives
Class 2: Gases and Class 3: Flammable Liquids
Class 4: Flammable Solids
Class 5: Oxidizers
Class 6: Poison
Class 7: Radioactive Materials
Class 8: Corrosive Materials
Class 9: Miscellaneous
Resource and Referencing
Emergency Response Guidebook
NIOSH Guide Book
Safety Data Sheets
General Monitoring and Detection
Detection, Monitoring, and Sampling
Current Detection Technologies
CHAPTER 12 Risk-Based Response
Introduction
History of Models for Hazardous Materials Incidents
DECIDE Model
General Hazardous Materials Behavior Model
Using Detection Devices in Risk-Based Response
RBR Profile
Detection of Unidentified Materials and Sampling Priorities
Systematic Approach
Analyze the Hazard
Plan the Response
Implement the Response
Evaluate Progress
CHAPTER 13 Weapons of Mass Destruction
Introduction
Chemical Agents
Historical Background
Activity and Chemistry
Treatment
Chemical Precursors
Triage Considerations
Decontamination Considerations
Corrosive Materials
Historical Background
Activity and Chemistry
Chemical Precursors
Decontamination Considerations
Chemical Asphyxiants
Historical Background
Activity and Chemistry
Chemical Precursors
Decontamination Considerations
Incapacitating Agents
Historical Background
Activity and Chemistry
Decontamination Considerations
Riot Control Agents
Lacrimators
Vomiting Agents
Use of CWAs or Weapons of Mass Destruction
Philosophy
Tactics
Physiology and Medical Ethics
Biological Agents
Decontamination
CHAPTER 14 Science Officers’ Guide
Introduction
The Decision-Making Process
Effective Communication
Applying Knowledge at a Hazardous Materials Event
A.P.I.E. Process
Analyze
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
Comparing the Decision-Making Models
Tactical Worksheet Elements
Scene Considerations and Resources
Monitoring and Detection Equipment
Environmental Considerations
Understanding Tactical Options
Absorption
Damming, Diking, and Diverting
Retention
Vapor Dispersion and Suppression
Pressure and Containment
Personal Protective Equipment
Decontamination
APPENDIX A FESHE Correlation Guide
GLOSSARY
INDEX