Hazard Hydrogeology (Environmental Earth Sciences)

✍ Scribed by Peiyue Li, Jianhua Wu, Wanfang Zhou, James Wood LaMoreaux

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2023
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 276
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book addresses geohazards by establishing their unique hydrogeological conceptual site models. Geohazards occur in many forms and scales either naturally or induced by human's activities. Many geohazards such as earth fissure, ground collapse and subsidence, mine water inrush, and groundwater contamination are closely related to hydrogeological conditions and their dynamics. Water, either surface water or groundwater, acts as a resource and an enabling agent that elevates geohazard risks in areas that are inherently vulnerable. The book presents case studies to describe identification and investigation methods, monitoring and early-warning techniques, modeling approaches, and engineering measures to prevent, control, and mitigate these geohazards. It targets students, researchers, practitioners, and decision makers who are engaged in water resource management, project planning, and geohazard control and management.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
About the Authors
1 Introduction to Hydrogeological Hazards
1.1 Classification of Hydrogeological Hazards
1.2 Hazards Related to Groundwater-Induced Effective Pressure
1.3 Hazards Related to Groundwater Dissolution and Hydrodynamics
1.4 Hazards Caused by Groundwater Inrushes
1.5 Hazards Caused by Groundwater Contamination
References
2 Loess Landslides and Water Resources Management
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Loess Distribution and Loess Landslides
2.3 Hazards of Loess Landslides
2.4 Agricultural Irrigation and Loess Landslides
2.5 Rainfall and Loess Landslides
2.5.1 Slow Infiltration Type
2.5.2 Infiltration Blockage Type
2.5.3 Infiltration Breakthrough Type
2.6 Groundwater and Loess Landslides
2.6.1 Physical Effects on Soil
2.6.2 Chemical Effects on Soil
2.6.3 Mechanical Effects on Soil
2.7 Prevention and Control of Loess Landslides
2.7.1 Principles for Loess Landslide Prevention and Control
2.7.2 Main Control Measurements of Loess Landslides
References
3 Land Subsidence and Groundwater Seepage
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Causes of Land Subsidence
3.1.2 Hazards Caused by Land Subsidence
3.2 Compressive Water Seepage Mechanisms in Saturated Porous Media
3.2.1 Principle of Effective Stress
3.2.2 Consolidation of Saturated Porous Media Due to Water Loss
3.3 Prediction of Land Subsidence
3.3.1 Two-Step Calculation Model
3.3.2 Partially Coupled Model
3.3.3 Fully Coupled Model
3.4 Land Subsidence Prevention and Control
3.4.1 Restricting Groundwater Extraction
3.4.2 Managed Aquifer Recharge
3.4.3 Adjusting Extracted Aquifers
3.5 Land Subsidence Prediction: A Case Study in Yan’an New District
3.5.1 Prediction Method
3.5.2 Accuracy Analysis
3.5.3 Analysis of Prediction Results
References
4 Earth Fissures and Natural Resources Mining
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Classifications of Earth Fissures
4.2.1 Classification Based on Formation Causes
4.2.2 Classification Based on Mechanical Properties
4.2.3 Classification Based on Morphology
4.3 Hazards of Earth Fissures
4.3.1 Road Surface Damage
4.3.2 Hazards to High-Speed Railway Projects
4.3.3 Impacts on Buildings
4.4 Formation Mechanisms of Earth Fissures
4.4.1 Formation Mechanisms of Earthquake-Induced Earth Fissures
4.4.2 Mechanism of Formation for Landslide Earth Fissures
4.4.3 Mechanism of Formation for Collapse Earth Fissures
4.4.4 Mechanism of Formation for Expansive Soil Fissures
4.4.5 Mechanism of Formation for Collapsible Loess Earth Fissures
4.4.6 Mechanism of Formation for Ground Subsidence Fissures
4.5 Groundwater Development and Earth Fissures
4.6 Coal Development and Earth Fissures
4.7 Prevention and Control of Earth Fissures
4.7.1 Preventive Measures
4.7.2 Remedial Measures
References
5 Karst Collapse and Its Management
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Types of Karst Collapse
5.2.1 Classification of Karst Collapse
5.2.2 Main Characteristics of Different Types of Karst Collapse
5.3 Mechanisms of Karst Collapse
5.3.1 Subsurface Erosion Theory
5.3.2 Vacuum Erosion Theory
5.3.3 Three-Mechanism Theory for Karst Collapse
5.4 Influencing Factors of Karst Collapse
5.4.1 Fundamental Conditions for the Formation of Karst Collapse
5.4.2 Factors Inducing Karst Collapse
5.5 Prediction of Karst Collapse
5.5.1 Comprehensive Geological Model
5.5.2 Mathematical and Physical Prediction Models
5.6 Prevention and Control of Karst Collapse
5.6.1 Prevention of Karst Collapse
5.6.2 Management of Karst Collapse
References
6 Mine Water Inrush and Its Prediction
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Hazards of Mine Water Inrush
6.3 Types of Mine Water Hazards
6.3.1 Hazards Caused by Surface Water
6.3.2 Hazards Caused by Abandoned Mine Pools
6.3.3 Hazards Caused by Pore Water
6.3.4 Hazards Caused by Coal Seam Roof Water
6.3.5 Hazards Caused by Coal Seam Bottom Water
6.3.6 Hazards Caused by Karst Water
6.3.7 Hazards Caused by the Fracture Zone
6.3.8 Hazards Caused by Acidic Mine Water
6.4 Prediction Methods of Mine Water Inrush
6.4.1 Overview of Mine Inrush Prediction Methods
6.4.2 Analytic Method
6.4.3 Numerical Simulation Method
6.5 Numerical Prediction of Mine Water Inrush: A Case Study in Liuyuanzi Coal Mine, China
6.5.1 Overview of the Mining Area
6.5.2 Model Setup
6.5.3 Prediction of Mine Water Inrush
References
7 Groundwater Contamination and Induced Risk and Hazard in a Karst Aquifer
7.1 Investigation Approaches
7.1.1 On-Site Mobile Laboratory Application to Investigating Contamination Distributions
7.1.2 Earth Resistivity Imaging and Induced Polarization Imaging
7.1.3 Monitoring Well Installation and Aquifer Testing
7.1.4 Borehole Logging and Design of Multi-port Monitoring Well
7.2 Hydrogeological Characterization
7.2.1 Groundwater Flow
7.2.2 Irregular Bedrock Surface
7.2.3 Unstable Boreholes
7.2.4 Large Variation in Aquifer Properties
7.3 Extent of Contamination
7.3.1 Extent of Contamination in the Overburden
7.3.2 Extent of Contamination in the Bedrock Formation
7.4 Fate and Transport Mechanisms of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Contaminants
7.4.1 Dense Non-aqueous Phase Liquid Transport
7.4.2 Aqueous Phase Transport
7.4.3 Vapor Phase Transport Processes
7.4.4 CVOC Fate Processes
7.4.5 Bio-reductive Dechlorination of Organic Compounds
7.4.6 Abiotic Degradation
7.4.7 Aerobic/Anaerobic Oxidation
7.4.8 Secondary Sourcing
7.4.9 Evidence of Natural Attenuation
7.5 Pathway-Focused Risk Assessment
7.5.1 Exposure Pathway Model
7.5.2 Exposure Point Concentrations
7.5.3 Exposure Parameters and Exposure Intake Equations
7.5.4 Toxicity Assessment for Non-carcinogens
7.5.5 Toxicity Assessment for Carcinogenicity
7.5.6 Toxicity Assessment for TCE
7.5.7 Risk Characterization
7.5.8 Risk Assessment Uncertainty
7.6 Cost-Effective Approach for Groundwater Contamination Induced Risk Mitigation
7.7 Summary
References
Index