Handbook of Nanocomposite Supercapacitor Materials III : Selection

✍ Scribed by Kar K.K. (ed.)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 420
• Series: Springer Series in Materials Science
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book covers the selection of nanocomposite supercapacitor materials. It describes the most important criteria behind the selection of materials for the electrode, electrolytes, separator and current collectors, which comprise the key components of supercapacitors for advanced energy storage. It discusses the influence on each material on the unique electrochemical properties of nanocomposite supercapacitors with respect to their energy storage mechanism and stability under extreme and unpredictable conditions.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Springer Series in Materials Science: Volume 313
Handbook of Nanocomposite Supercapacitor Materials III : Selection
Copyright
Dedication
Preface
Contents
Editor and Contributors
About the Editor
Contributors
1. Introduction to Supercapacitors
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Differences Between Other Energy Storage Devices and Supercapacitors
1.2 History of Supercapacitors
1.3 Faradaic and Non-faradaic Processes
1.4 Types of Supercapacitors
1.4.1 Electric Double-Layer Capacitor (EDLC)
1.4.2 Pseudocapacitors
1.4.3 Asymmetric Supercapacitors
1.4.4 Hybrid Supercapacitors
1.4.5 Quantum Supercapacitors
1.5 Hybrid Energy Storage Systems (HESS)
1.6 On-Chip Supercapacitors
1.7 Components of Supercapacitors
1.7.1 Electrodes
1.7.2 Electrolytes
1.7.3 Separators
1.7.4 Current Collectors
1.8 Electrochemical Characterization Techniques
1.8.1 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
1.8.2 Cyclic Voltammetry
1.8.3 Galvanostatic Charge/Discharge
1.8.4 Electrode System
1.9 Concluding Remarks
References
2. Supercapacitor Devices
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Materials Used in Supercapacitors
2.3 Types of Charge Storage Mechanisms
2.4 Types of Supercapacitor Assembly
2.4.1 Symmetric Supercapacitors
2.4.2 Asymmetric Supercapacitors
2.4.3 Battery Supercapacitor Hybrid Devices
2.5 Concluding Remarks
References
3. All Types of Flexible Solid-State Supercapacitors
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Flexible SCs Device Configuration
3.2.1 Current Collector
3.2.2 Electrodes
3.2.3 Electrolyte
3.3 Device Fabrication Technique
3.3.1 Pencil Drawing
3.3.2 Deposition
3.3.3 Ink-Jet Printing
3.3.4 Dip Coating
3.4 Types of Flexible SCs Device
3.4.1 Stretchable SCs Device
3.4.2 Compressible SCs Device
3.4.3 Transparent SCs Device
3.4.4 Flexible Micro-SCs Device
3.5 Various Design of FSSCs Devices
3.5.1 Sandwiched-Type Device
3.5.2 Planer-Type Device
3.5.3 Fiber-Type Device
3.6 Evaluation of Flexible Solid-State SC Device Performance
3.6.1 Cell Capacitance Measurement
3.6.2 Internal Resistance Calculation
3.6.3 Energy and Power Calculation
3.6.4 Cycle Life Test
3.7 Conclusions
References
4. Conducting-Polymer-Based Supercapacitors
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Conducting Polymers and Their Characteristics
4.2.1 Polyacetylene (PA)
4.2.2 Polyaniline (PANI)
4.2.3 Polypyrrole (PPy)
4.2.4 Polythiophene (PTh)
4.2.5 Poly(Ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)
4.2.6 Other Conducting Polymers
4.3 Synthesis of Conducting Polymers
4.3.1 Chemical Polymerization
4.3.2 Electrochemical Polymerization
4.3.3 Metathesis Process of Polymerization
4.3.4 Emulsion Polymerization
4.3.5 Inclusion Polymerization
4.3.6 Solid-State Polymerization
4.3.7 Plasma Polymerization
4.3.8 Matrix Polymerization
4.4 Electrical Properties of Conducting Polymers
4.5 Electrochemical Supercapacitor
4.5.1 Fabrication Procedures of Supercapacitors
4.5.2 Performance Characteristics and Parameters
4.6 Conducting-Polymer-Based Supercapacitor
4.6.1 PANI-Based Supercapacitors
4.6.2 PPy-Based Supercapacitor
4.6.3 PEDOT-Based Supercapacitor
4.6.4 PTh-Based Supercapacitor
4.6.5 Conducting-Polymer-Based Composites
4.7 Conclusion with Challenges and Possibilities
References
5. Electrode Material Selection for Supercapacitors
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Functions of Electrodes
5.3 Characteristics Required for Electrodes
5.3.1 Conductivity
5.3.2 Porosity
5.3.3 Mechanical Strength
5.3.4 Surface Morphology
5.3.5 Wettability
5.3.6 Thermal Conductivity
5.3.7 Cycling Stability
5.3.8 Cost
5.4 Performance of Materials Used as Electrodes
5.4.1 Activated Carbon
5.4.2 CNT
5.4.3 Graphene
5.4.4 Carbon Aerogels
5.4.5 Carbon Quantum Dots
5.4.6 Carbide Derived Carbon
5.4.7 Anodized Steel
5.4.8 Metal Oxides
5.4.9 Metal Nitrides
5.4.10 Conducting Polymers
5.4.11 Composite Materials
5.5 Electrode Materials Used in Commercial Supercapacitors
5.6 Emerging Electrode Materials
5.7 Methods of Fabricating Electrodes
5.8 Electrode Material Selection
5.8.1 Objectives for Electrode Material Selection
5.8.2 Screening Using Constrains
5.8.3 Governing Equations
5.8.4 Material Index
5.8.5 List of Material Index
5.9 Concluding Remarks
References
6. Separator Material Selection for Supercapacitors
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Functions of Separators
6.3 Commercial Manufacturers of Separators
6.4 Characteristics Required for Separators
6.4.1 Mechanical Strength
6.4.2 Permeability
6.4.3 Chemical Stability
6.4.4 Dimensional Stability
6.4.5 Wettability
6.4.6 Porosity
6.4.7 Thickness
6.4.8 Surface Morphology
6.5 Performance of Various Materials Used for Making Separators
6.5.1 Polymer Membrane
6.5.2 Woven Ceramic Fiber
6.5.3 Woven Glass Fiber
6.5.4 Composite Separators
6.5.5 GO Films
6.5.6 Cellulose
6.5.7 Eggshell Membrane
6.5.8 Piezoelectric Materials
6.6 Design of Separator in Supercapacitors
6.7 Separator Material Selection for Supercapacitors
6.7.1 Objectives for Selection of Separator Material
6.7.2 Screening Using Constrains
6.7.3 Governing Equations
6.7.4 Material Indexes
6.7.5 Material Property Chart
6.7.6 List of Material Indexes
6.8 Concluding Remarks
References
7. Electrolyte Material Selection for Supercapacitors
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Functions of Electrolytes
7.3 Classification of Electrolytes
7.3.1 Aqueous Electrolytes
7.3.2 Organic Electrolytes
7.3.3 Ionic Liquids
7.4 Characteristics Required for Electrolytes
7.4.1 Conductivity
7.4.2 Viscosity
7.4.3 Ion Concentration
7.4.4 Electrochemical Stability
7.4.5 Thermal Stability
7.4.6 Dissociation
7.4.7 Toxicity, Volatility, and Flammability
7.4.8 Cost
7.5 Performance of Various Electrolytes
7.5.1 Organic Electrolytes
7.5.2 Aqueous Electrolytes
7.5.3 Ionic Liquid (IL) Electrolytes
7.5.4 Solid and Quasi-Solid-State Electrolytes
7.5.5 Redox-Active Electrolytes
7.6 Electrolytes Used in Commercial Supercapacitors
7.7 Electrolyte Material Selection for Supercapacitors
7.7.1 Performance Metrics and Relationships
7.7.2 Objectives for Selection of Electrolyte Material
7.7.3 Screening Using Constrains
7.7.4 List of Material Indexes
7.8 Concluding Remarks
References
8. Current Collector Material Selection for Supercapacitors
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Components of Supercapacitors
8.2.1 Electrode Materials
8.2.2 Electrolyte Materials
8.2.3 Separators
8.2.4 Binder
8.2.5 Current Collector
8.3 Effect of Current Collector Thickness
8.4 Effect of Temperature
8.5 Effect of Electrolytes
8.6 Dimension of Current Collector
8.7 Current Collector Material Selection for Supercapacitors
8.8 Objectives for Current Collector Material Selection
8.8.1 Screening Using Constraints
8.8.2 Governing Equations
8.8.3 Material Index
8.8.4 List of Material Index
8.9 Concluding Remarks
References
9. Integrated Energy Storage System
9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 Energy Security as a Component of National Security
9.1.2 Energy Storage and Energy Security
9.1.3 Supercapacitor and Energy Security
9.1.4 Information Communication Technology (ICT) and Energy Infrastructure
9.2 Intelligent Energy Management System
9.2.1 Intelligent Sensors Network
9.2.2 Integrated Energy Management Portal
9.3 Supercapacitor Management System
9.4 Energy Management Strategy
9.4.1 Rule-Based Control Strategy
9.4.2 Optimization-Based Control Strategy
9.4.3 Artificial Intelligence-Based Control Strategy
9.5 Concluding Remarks
References
10. Global Trends in Supercapacitors
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Key Global Players in the Supercapacitor Market
10.2.1 Kamcap
10.2.2 Skeleton Technologies
10.2.3 SPSCAP
10.2.4 Yunasko
10.2.5 Ioxus
10.2.6 LS Ultracapacitor
10.2.7 VINATech
10.2.8 Eaton Corporation
10.2.9 Maxwell Technologies
10.2.10 Nippon Chemi-Con Corporation
10.2.11 CAP-XX
10.2.12 Murata Manufacturing
10.2.13 AVX Corporation
10.2.14 Nichicon Corporation
10.2.15 KEMET Corporation
10.2.16 Elna
10.3 Concluding Remarks
References
11. Applications of Supercapacitors
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Application of Supercapacitors
11.2.1 Automotive/Transportation
11.2.2 Energy and Utilities
11.2.3 Electronics
11.2.4 Industrial
11.2.5 Aerospace and Defense
11.2.6 Medical
11.3 Conclusions
References
Index