Transforming growth factor-Ξ²1 signaling
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Sydney C. Butts; Wei Liu; Geming Li; Dorothy A. Frenz
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Article
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2005
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John Wiley and Sons
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English
β 481 KB
π 1 views
BACKGROUND: Retinoic acid (RA) is a vitamin A derivative that participates in patterning and regulation of inner ear development. Either excess RA or RA deficiency during a critical stage of inner ear development can produce teratogenic effects. Previous studies have shown that in utero exposure of