Content: Intro
Group Processes
Contents
Preface
References
1 The Reality of Groups
Definition
The Individual-Group Relationship
The Interpersonal-Group Continuum
Three Unifying Themes: Social Identity, Social Context and Social Action
Summary
Further Reading
References
2 Group Formation and Other Elementary Group Processes
Interdependence
All in the Same Boat: Interdependence of Fate
Working with Others: Task Interdependence
Social Categorisation
From Individuals to a Group: Entitativity
Us and Them: Intergroup Differentiation and Intragroup Assimilation When 'We' Deserve More than 'Them': Minimal Conditions for Intergroup DiscriminationWhy Do They (and We) Look all the Same? Perceived Intragroup Assimilation (Homogeneity)
On being Similar or Different but still a Group: Individuality, Interaction, and Entitativity
Not Only in Our Heads: The Pragmatic and Rhetorical Use of Categories
Joining and Interacting in Groups: Some Elementary Group Processes
Joining Groups
From Getting Together to Sticking Together: Group Cohesion
What Goes on in Groups? Achieving the Task and Maintaining Relationships
Summary
Further Reading
References 3 Reaching Agreement in GroupsThe Acquisition and Development of Group Norms
The Acquisition of Group Norms
Why People need Norms: Individual Functions of Group Norms
Why Groups need Norms: Social Functions of Norms
Stability and Change
The Power of the Majority
The Pervasiveness of Conformity
Why do People Conform?
Standing Out from the Crowd: On being a Deviate
Going to Extremes: Reaching Decisions in Groups
Explanations of Group Polarisation
Concluding Remarks on Group Polarisation
Summary
Further Reading
References
4 Innovation and Change in Groups
Minority Influence Majority-Minority Influence is a Dynamic ProcessSocial Categorisation and Minority Influence: Which Group does the Minority Belong to?
Two Influence Processes or One?
Concluding Comments
Leadership
Coercion and Reward
Charisma
Leadership Styles
Interaction of Leader Style and Situation
Leaders as Committed Group Members
Leader Prototypicality
Serving Group Interests
'Entrepreneurs' and 'Embedders' of Identity
Authority
Summary
Further Reading
References
5 The Effectiveness of Groups
Group Productivity
Does the Presence of Others Help or Hinder Performance? Are Two Heads (or Bodies) better than One?Potential and Actual Productivity: Theories of Group Deficit
Two Heads (or Bodies) really can be better than One: The Benefits of Working in Groups
Group Decision-Making
Modeling Group Decisions: Social Decision Schemes Theory
The Quality of Decision-Making Process
Groups can be Good for You
Resilience
Health and Well-being
Summary
Further Reading
Group Productivity
Group Decision-Making
Health and Well-being Benefits of Groups
References
6 The Morality of Groups