Groundwater Modeling Using Geographical Information Systems

✍ Scribed by George F. Pinder

• Publisher: Wiley
• Year: 2002
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 247
• Edition: 1st
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Cutting-edge techniques for groundwater modeling using GIS technology Groundwater Modeling Using Geographical Information Systems covers fundamental information on flow and mass transport modeling and demonstrates how GIS technology makes these models and analyses more accurate than ever before. GIS technology allows for swift organization, quantification, and interpretation of large quantities of geohydrological data with computer accuracy and minimal risk of human error. This book's companion Web site provides the Princeton Transport Code, as well as the plug-in extensions required to interface this code with the Argus ONE numerical environment software enclosed with this book.The process for using the Geographic Modeling Approach (GMA) to model groundwater flow and transport is demonstrated step by step with a field example from Tucson, Arizona. The GMA is composed of the Argus ONE Geographic Information Modeling system and the Princeton Transport Code groundwater flow and transport model, interfaced through the plug-in extension available on Argus ONE. Enhanced with more than 150 illustrations and screen captures, Groundwater Modeling Using Geographical Information Systems is a fundamental book for civil engineers, hydrologists, environmental engineers, geologists, and students in these fields, as well as software engineers working on GIS applications and environmental attorneys and regulators. When used in combination with the free modeling software, this book provides an excellent student text.

✦ Table of Contents

Groundwater Modeling Using Geographical Information Systems......Page 3
Contents......Page 9
Preface......Page 13
1.1 Introduction......Page 15
1.2 Areal Extent of a Model......Page 23
1.3 Hydrological Boundaries to the Model......Page 36
1.4 Compilation of Geological Information......Page 37
1.4.1 Unconsolidated Environments......Page 41
1.4.2 Consolidated Rocks......Page 45
1.4.3 Metamorphic Rocks......Page 46
1.4.4 Igneous Rocks......Page 47
1.4.5 Representation of Geological Units......Page 49
1.5 Compilation of Hydrological Information......Page 64
1.5.1 Geohydrological Parameters......Page 65
1.5.2 Boundary Conditions......Page 66
1.5.3 Stresses......Page 67
1.6.1 Near-Surface Aquifer Zone......Page 68
1.6.3 Variably Saturated Water-Table Formulation......Page 71
1.6.4 Comparison of the Sharp-Interface and Variably Saturated Formulations......Page 73
1.7 Physical Dimensions of the Model......Page 76
1.7.1 Vertical Integration of the Flow Equation......Page 78
1.7.2 Free-Surface Condition......Page 80
1.8 Model Size......Page 82
1.9.1 Finite-Difference Approximations......Page 83
1.9.3 Two-Space Dimensional Approximations......Page 84
1.10 Finite-Difference Approximation to the Flow Equation......Page 86
1.10.2 Model Initial Conditions......Page 89
1.11 Finite-Element Approximation to the Flow Equation......Page 90
1.11.1 Boundary Conditions......Page 93
1.11.2 Initial Conditions......Page 95
1.12 Parameters......Page 100
1.13 Fractured and Cavernous Media......Page 101
1.14 Model Stresses......Page 107
1.14.1 Well Discharge or Recharge......Page 109
1.14.3 Multiple Stress Periods......Page 110
1.15 Finite-Element Mesh......Page 112
1.16.1 Solution Algorithm......Page 116
1.16.2 Bandwidth......Page 125
1.16.3 Running PTC......Page 126
1.17 Output......Page 129
1.18.1 Model Building Guidelines......Page 135
1.18.2 Model Evaluation Guidelines......Page 138
1.18.3 Additional Data-Collection and Model Development Guidelines......Page 139
1.18.4 Uncertainty-Evaluation Guidelines......Page 140
1.18.5 Some Rules of Thumb......Page 141
References......Page 143
2 Transport Modeling......Page 147
2.1 Compilation of Water-Quality Information......Page 148
2.2 Physical Dimensions......Page 149
2.3 Model Size......Page 150
2.4.1 Equilibrium or Adsorption Isotherms......Page 151
2.4.2 Mass Flux......Page 153
2.4.3 Example of Retardation......Page 154
2.5 Chemical Reactions......Page 155
2.6 Model Boundary Conditions......Page 157
2.7 Finite-Element Approximation......Page 164
2.9 Initial Conditions......Page 171
2.10 Model Parameters......Page 172
2.12 Running the Model......Page 174
2.13 Output......Page 176
2.14 Calibration......Page 177
2.15 Production Runs......Page 179
References......Page 181
3.1.1 Groundwater Flow......Page 183
3.1.2 Groundwater Transport......Page 215
3.2.1 Graphical User Interfaces......Page 225
3.2.2 Model Formulation and Implementation......Page 226
3.2.3 Groundwater Flow......Page 230
3.2.4 Groundwater Transport......Page 234
3.3 Summary......Page 235
Index......Page 239