Green Energy and Infrastructure: Securing a Sustainable Future

✍ Scribed by Jacqueline A. Stagner, David S-K. Ting

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2020
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 367
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

C. S. Lewis rightly instructed, "The task of the modern educator is not to cut down jungles, but to irrigate deserts." This book aims to achieve this task by pushing the frontiers of scholarship for securing a sustainable future through green energy and infrastructure. This encompasses the notion that what we create is in harmony and integration with both the spatial and temporal domains.

Through numerous practical examples and illustrations, this book examines a comprehensive review of the latest science on indoor environmental health, energy requirements for buildings, and the "greening" of infrastructure. Also, it provides a discussion on the underlying properties of biomass and its influence on furthering energy conversion technologies. Energy storage is essential for driving the integration of renewable energy, and different storage approaches are discussed in terms of power balancing, grid stability, and reliability.

Features:

• Focuses on the importance of coupling green energy with green infrastructure

• Provides an unbiased update of the state-of-the-art of sustainability science

• Discusses utilizing sustainable building materials for simultaneous improvement in energy, economic, and environmental bottom lines for industry

• Illuminates practical steps that need to be undertaken to achieve a greener infrastructure

Green Energy and Infrastructure: Securing a Sustainable Future is appropriate for researchers, students, and decision-makers seeking the latest, practical information on environmental sustainability.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Editors
Contributors
Chapter 1 Energy for Buildings: Practices, Policies, and Prospects
1.1 Introduction: Background and Driving Forces
1.1.1 Urbanization and Sustainability
1.2 Climate and Building Energy Services
1.3 Uses and Sources of Building Energy
1.3.1 Heating, Cooling, and Climate Zones
1.3.2 Increasing Demand for Cooling
1.3.3 Cooking
1.3.3.1 Cooking with Polluting Fuels
1.3.4 Lighting
1.3.5 Elevators
1.3.6 Energy Source Transition
1.4 Energy Efficiency
1.4.1 The Role of Building Materials
1.5 Energy Poverty and Security
1.6 Concluding Remarks—Building Energy in a Changing World
References
Chapter 2 Green Design Effectiveness for a Mini Automotive-Repair Facility
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Material Production and Properties
2.2.1 Material Production
2.2.2 Analysis of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Produced Material
2.3 Methodology
2.4 Analysis of Mini Automotive-Repair Facility
2.4.1 The Projecting of Mini Automotive-Repair Facility
2.4.2 The Wall Components Used in Analysis of Mini Automotive-Repair Facility
2.4.3 Ecological and Climate Factors Affecting the Revit Analysis
2.4.4 The Assessment of Energy Performances of Mini Automotive-Repair Facility Analyzed by Autodesk Revit Architecture Simulation Program
2.4.4.1 Annual Energy Analysis of Mini Automotive-Repair Facility
2.4.4.2 Monthly Energy Analysis of Mini Automotive-Repair Facility
2.4.4.3 Annual Energy Cost of Mini Automotive-Repair Facility
2.4.4.4 Monthly Energy Cost of Mini Automotive-Repair Facility
2.4.4.5 Annual EUI Values of Mini Automotive-Repair Facility
2.5 Conclusions
References
Chapter 3 Green Hospitals and Sustainability: Case of Companion House of a Research Hospital
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Strategic Position of Firat University School of Medicinbe
3.3 Project Analysis of Companion House with Accommodation Facilities
3.3.1 Analysis in the Light of Project Criteria for Sustainability
3.3.2 Projecting in the Light of Green Hospital Criteria for Global Sustainability
3.3.3 Energy Efficiency Analysis for the Existing Building and the Building Designed According to Green Hospital Concept
3.3.3.1 Wall Components for the Existing Building and the Building Designed According to Green Hospital Concept
3.3.3.1 Autodesk Revit Architecture Simulation Software
3.3.3.2 Environmental and Climatic Factors Affecting the Analysis
3.3.3.3 The Evaluation of Analyzed Green and Existing Building by Autodesk Revit Architecture Simulation Program
3.4 Conclusions
References
Chapter 4 Indoor Environment and Well-Being: The Case of Academic Workplace in Historic Building
4.1 Introduction: Background and Driving Forces
4.2 Indoor Environment-Related Well-Being
4.3 Case Study Object
4.3.1 Case Object—Technical College Building
4.3.2 Case Study Methods
4.3.2.1 Field Measurements
4.3.2.2 Numerical Method
4.3.2.3 Questionnaire Survey
4.4 Results
4.4.1 Indoor Temperature and Relative Humidity
4.4.2 CO[sub(2)] Concentration
4.4.3 Numerical Results
4.4.4 Questionnaire Survey
4.5 Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 5 Properties and Conversion Technologies of Biomass
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Physical Properties of Biomass
5.2.1 Moisture Content
5.2.2 Particle Size
5.2.3 Density
5.2.4 Porosity
5.3 Chemical Properties of Biomass
5.3.1 Proximate Analysis
5.3.2 Ultimate Analysis
5.3.3 Heating Values
5.4 Exergy Properties of Biomass
5.4.1 Exergy of Biomass
5.4.2 Equations Used
5.4.3 Exergy Properties of Biomass
5.5 Conversion Technologies of Biomass
5.5.1 Physical Technologies
5.5.1.1 Densification
5.5.1.2 Physical Extraction
5.5.1.3 Distillation
5.5.2 Chemical Technologies
5.5.2.1 Solvent Extraction
5.5.2.2 Supercritical Extraction
5.5.2.3 Supercritical Water Conversion
5.5.3 Biochemical Technologies
5.5.3.1 Digestion
5.5.3.2 Hydrolysis
5.5.3.3 Fermentation
5.5.4 Thermochemical Technologies
5.5.4.1 Combustion
5.5.4.2 Gasification
5.5.4.3 Pyrolysis
5.5.4.4 Liquefaction
5.5.5 The Other Technologies
5.5.5.1 Aqueous-Phase Hydrodeoxygenation
5.5.5.2 Ultrasound Technology
5.6 Conclusions and Future Outlook
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 6 Wind Resource Forecasting Error in Flat and Complex Terrains
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Basic Theory
6.3 Different Terrains and Error Comparison
6.3.1 Mixed Topographies
6.3.2 Error Comparison Methodology
6.4 Case Studies in Different Terrains
6.4.1 Complex Topography
6.4.2 Flat Topography
6.5 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 7 Wind Power Forecasting via Deep Learning Methods
7.1 Introduction: Background Information about Wind Power Forecasting
7.2 Description of the Wind Power Forecast Methods
7.3 Deep Learning Overview
7.3.1 LSTM and GRU
7.3.2 DBN
7.4 Empirical Study
7.4.1 Data and Methodology
7.4.2 Empirical Results
7.5 Discussion and Conclusions
References
Chapter 8 Green Energy: Solar, Wind, Geothermal, Tidal Storage
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Storage Technologies
8.2.1 Mechanical Energy Storage Systems
8.2.1.1 Flywheel
8.2.1.2 Pumped Hydro Storage (PHS)
8.2.1.3 Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES)
8.2.2 Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems
8.2.2.1 Primary Batteries
8.2.2.2 Secondary Batteries
8.2.3 Chemical Energy Storage Systems
8.2.3.1 Hydrogen
8.2.3.2 Methane
8.2.3.3 Liquid Hydrocarbon
8.2.4 Electrical Energy Storage Systems
8.2.4.1 Electrical Double-Layer Capacitors (DLCs)
8.2.4.2 Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storages (SMES)
8.2.5 Thermal Energy Storage Systems
8.3 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 9 New Energy Mining: Compressed Air Energy Storage in Abandoned Mines
9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 Electricity Production: From Coal to Renewable Energy
9.1.2 Electrical Energy Storage
9.2 New Energy Mining (21st Century)
9.2.1 Underground Energy Storage
9.2.2 Túnel-CAES, a Mining Solution to Store Sustainable Energy
9.3 Túnel-CAES. Case of Study
9.4 Conclusions
References
Web Sites
Chapter 10 Hydrostatically Compensated Energy Storage Technology
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Technical Description of the Hydrostatically Compensated CAES Technology
10.3 Energy Storage Capacity of HC-CAES Plants
10.4 Applications of HC-CAES Technology in the Generation of Sustainable Energy
10.5 Components of the HC-CAES Technology
10.5.1 Air Accumulators
10.5.2 Compressors and Expanders
10.5.3 Heat Exchangers and Thermal Energy Storage
10.6 Location of the HC-CAES Power Plants
10.7 Exergy Modeling
10.8 Challenges of HC-CAES Technology
10.8.1 Champagne Effect
10.8.2 Response Time of HC-CAES Systems
10.8.3 Air Leakage
10.8.4 Cavern Rock Fatigue
10.9 System Components Analysis
10.9.1 Energy Storage Capacity of HC-CAES Technology
10.9.2 Performance Analysis of Compressors in HC-CAES Plants
10.9.3 Thermodynamic Analysis of Heat Exchangers in HC-CAES Plants
10.10 Exergy Analysis of the Offshore HC-CAES Energy Storage Technology
10.11 Conclusion
References
Chapter 11 Bioconstruction and Harmonic Complexity of Biomimicry Organisms
11.1 The Basics of Sustainable Habitat
11.2 A Sustainable Equitable Development for the South
11.3 The Sustainability of Architecture Development
11.4 Habitat’s Environmental Alterations
11.5 The Waste Issue
11.6 Conscious Eco-Architecture
11.7 The Ease of Building with Compressed Earth Block
11.7.1 Other Outstanding Properties of CEB
11.7.2 Generic Parameters for the Construction of a CEB Wall
11.8 Sustainable Ecobioconstructive Design
11.9 The Harmonic Complexity of Organicity
11.10 The School Projects
11.11 Earth School, a Case Study
11.11.1 Bioconstruction Technologies
11.12 Rammed Earth
11.13 CTB Domes
11.13.1 Characteristics of Natural Cement
11.13.2 Regulations
11.13.3 Comparative Costs of Execution
11.13.4 Environmental Sustainability
11.14 Conclusions
References
Chapter 12 Back to the Basics: Return to the Origin, Gaudí and Nature
12.1 Introduction: Background and Driving Forces
12.2 Nature, What Else?
12.3 Conclusion
References
Chapter 13 Triple Bottom Line Analysis, Methodology, and Its Implement ation
13.1 Introduction to Triple Bottom Line Analysis
13.1.1 Environmental Sustainability
13.1.2 Social Sustainability
13.1.3 Economic Sustainability
13.2 A Case Study
13.2.1 Problem Description
13.2.2 Pyrolysis Process
13.2.3 Process of Intermediate Pyrolysis of Wheat Straw
13.2.4 Scenarios Considered for the Study
13.2.5 Intermediate Pyrolysis Process
13.2.6 Assumptions of the Study
13.2.7 Embedded Energy and Embedded Emission
13.2.8 Data Used in the Study
13.3 Assessment of Environmental Sustainability
13.4 Assessment of Social Sustainability
13.4.1 Important Elements of sLCA Model
13.4.1.1 Cooperatives
13.4.1.2 Knowledge Center
13.4.2 Goal and Scope of sLCA Study
13.4.3 Impact Assessment for Different Subcategory
13.4.3.1 Farm and Farmworkers
13.4.3.2 Local Community
13.4.3.3 Society
13.4.3.4 Value Chain Actor
13.4.3.5 Consumers
13.4.3.6 State
13.4.4 Impact Assessment Summary
13.5 Assessment of Economic Sustainability
13.5.1 Determination of Cost Component
13.5.2 Life Cycle Cost of Electricity Generation
13.6 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgment
Appendix 13.A1: Uncertainty and Sensitivity of the Data
References
Index