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Green chemistry approaches to the Knoevenagel condensation: comparison of ethanol, water and solvent free (dry grind) approaches

✍ Scribed by Adam McCluskey; Philip J. Robinson; Tim Hill; Janet L. Scott; J.Kate Edwards

Book ID: 104250901
Publisher: Elsevier Science
Year: 2002
Tongue: French
Weight: 77 KB
Volume: 43
Category: Article
ISSN: 0040-4039
DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)00480-x

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✦ Synopsis

We report a comparative study of the Knoevenagel condensation with a variety of substituted benzaldehydes (17 examples) and cyanoamides (3 examples), using three different methodologies: (a) traditional ethanol reflux; (b) water reflux; and (c) solvent free conditions. Almost without exception these reactions proceeded faster, more cleanly and in higher yields when the reactions were conducted in a solvent-free fashion. Additionally, our solvent free approach allowed the use of nitrobenzaldehydes, which failed to yield the desired products under traditional and water based approaches.

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