Global Perspectives on Precision Medicine: Ethical, Social and Public Health Implications

✍ Scribed by Evangel Sarwar

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2023
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 239
• Series: Advancing Global Bioethics, 19
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book presents the promises of Precision Medicine (PM) and the challenges of its implementation in daily clinical routine, while addressing the anticipated ethical and social implications. It is the first book that critically analyzes the potential and the dilemmas relevant to genomics and precision medicine from healthcare, public health and global perspectives. The nine chapters presented in this book elaborate on pharmacogenomics' crucial role in maximizing the potential benefits and minimizing medication's potential risks in groups of people, especially in cancer treatment and other health conditions. Infectious and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are also discussed in this book by identifying challenges and ways to overcome them. Essential concepts are addressed, such as health-related benefits and harm to individuals and the broader community, including threats to individual privacy and autonomy, which warrant just distribution of scarce resources. The book also identifies and addresses the lack of competency in the healthcare workforce in the era of PM and discusses the path to laying the ethical foundation for the implementation of PM in healthcare organizations.

✦ Table of Contents

Contents
Abbreviations
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Outline of the Book
References
Chapter 2: The Emerging Field of Precision Medicine – The New Paradigm for Healthcare
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Concept of Precision Medicine (PM)
2.1.2 Precision Medicine Initiative (PMI)
2.2 How PM Works?
2.2.1 Biobanks in PM
2.2.2 Big Data and Data Integration
2.3 Challenges and Ethical and Social Considerations
2.3.1 Ethical and Social Considerations
2.3.2 Data Harnessing, Knowledge Transfer and Citizen Trust in Data Sharing
2.4 Recommendations that Include Global Communities
2.4.1 Retaining Autonomy
2.4.2 Building Trust
2.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: Clinical Significance of Precision Medicine – Genomics and Pharmacogenomics (PGx)
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Clinical Significance: Impact on Healthcare – Nationally and Globally
3.1.2 Genomics and Pharmacogenomics (PGx)
3.2 Role of PGx in Toxicity and ADRS
3.2.1 Response and Toxicity to Drugs
3.2.2 Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRS) and Costs -with a Glimpse on Global Population
3.3 Identifying and Addressing Challenges for All
3.3.1 Social and Ethical Concerns and Other Challenges
3.3.2 Recommendations
3.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Relevance of PM in Infectious and Non-communicable Chronic Diseases and Pandemics
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Precision Medicine in the Management of NCDs – CVD, Diabetes and Cancer
4.1.2 Clinical Significance and Costs
4.2 PM in Infectious Diseases
4.2.1 Genomics in Infectious Diseases
4.2.2 Impact of Genomics
4.3 PM in Pandemics
4.3.1 Clinical Impact of Genomics in Pandemics
4.3.2 Applications of Genomics in Pandemics
4.4 Ethical and Social Challenges from Public Health and Global Perspectives
4.4.1 Identifying Challenges
4.4.2 Addressing Challenges
4.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 5: Relevance of Precision Medicine in Public Health Genomics and Global Health Genomics
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Role of Public Health in Genomic Medicine: Infectious and Chronic Diseases
5.1.2 Benefits and Harms to Individuals and Populations
5.2 Concerns About Genetics in Public Health – Race Related
5.2.1 The Race Controversy in Genomic Research
5.2.2 Race-Based Medicine, and Issues
5.3 Future of Precision Medicine in Public Health
5.3.1 Current Priorities for Public Health and Economic Implications of Genomics
5.3.2 The Place and Priority of Genetics in Primary Care, Recognizing Aging and Gender Issues
5.4 Potential for Genomics for the Health of the Developing Countries
5.4.1 Noncommunicable and Communicable Diseases
5.4.2 Pharmacogenomics and Gene Therapy
5.5 Challenges and Barriers to the Integration of Genetics into Routine Clinical Practice
5.5.1 Justice and Resource Allocation
5.5.2 Reclaiming Genomics for Common Good – Need for Justice Approach
5.6 Recommendations: Delivering Genomics for Improving Health
5.6.1 Areas of Focus
5.6.2 Legal and Policy Considerations, and Educating Professionals
5.7 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Social and Ethical Implications of Integrating Precision Medicine into Healthcare
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Integration: Looking at Ethical and Social Concerns, Challenges and Needs
6.1.2 Legal, Equity Issues
6.2 Public Attitudes Towards Genetic Tests Taking Global Population into Count
6.2.1 Attitudes Towards Genetic Tests
6.2.2 Attitudes Toward Family History as a Tool – Global Views
6.3 Recommendations
6.3.1 Regulatory Standards, Policy Considerations and Tools
6.3.2 Collaboration and Education for All
6.4 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7: Laying an Ethical Foundation in Healthcare in the Era of PM
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Looking at Healthcare Organizations – Healthcare as Services
7.1.2 Ethical and Legal Duties of Leadership
7.2 Precision Medicine in Healthcare
7.2.1 The Economics of PM
7.2.2 Impact on the Healthcare System
7.3 Controversial Issues and Healthcare
7.3.1 Implications of Transformation – Moral Expectations
7.3.2 Institutional Solution – Maintaining Ethical Mission
7.4 Building an Ethical Foundation for All
7.4.1 Challenges and Principles for Integrating PM
7.4.2 Building the Infrastructure to Support PM for All
7.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8: Education and Competency Rich in Genomics and Ethics Is a Necessity for Healthcare Professionals in the Era of PM
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Era of PM – Knowledge of Genomics and Healthcare Professionals
8.1.2 Confidence Level of the Work Force?
8.2 Education of Healthcare Professionals
8.2.1 Looking at the Existing Education Curriculum
8.2.2 Ethics Education and Its Applications in Medicine – Identifying Gaps
8.3 Delivering Personalized Medicine on a Regular Basis
8.3.1 Comparing Genetic Counseling, and Delivering Genomics in Healthcare
8.3.2 Existing Gaps Between Genetic Counseling and Genomics in Future
8.4 Educational Needs and Challenges
8.4.1 Educational Approaches and Strategies
8.4.2 Quality Improvement and Developing Competencies
8.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9: Concluding Thoughts
9.1 Thoughts on the Potential of PM as the New Paradigm for Healthcare for All
9.1.1 What We Know About PM So Far? How Does it Affect Global Health?
9.1.2 Highlighting PM’s Impact
9.2 Implementing a New Technology Is Not Simple
9.2.1 Barriers to Overcome
9.2.2 Need for Addressing the Ethical and Social Implications
9.3 Implementing PM into Healthcare
9.3.1 Ethical Foundation Is the Cornerstone
9.3.2 Making Sure the Workforce Is Ready
References