Global Organized Crime: A Reference Handbook (Contemporary World Issues)

✍ Scribed by Mitchel P. Roth Ph.D.

• Year: 2010
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 329
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Global Organized Crime: A Reference Handbook examines global organized crime dating back to its 17th-century roots. Unlike most works on the subject, which take a parochial approach by concentrating on individual countries or regions, this book uniquely details the impact of 21st-century globalization on such groups and their activities.Exploring the continuum of international organized crime and related developments from its early beginnings to the present era, the book also looks at the complicated issues that continue to influence its growth. It covers the impact of the end of the Cold War, immigration, the global drug trade, weapons sales, human smuggling and trafficking, the convergence of funding sources, and the effects of technology. What especially distinguishes this book is the connections it makes between organized crime activities and failed states, civil wars, political transitions, regional conflicts, and terrorist groups.

✦ Table of Contents

Contents......Page 8
List of Tables......Page 16
Preface......Page 18
Introduction......Page 22
History......Page 23
Economic Factors......Page 24
Definition......Page 25
Piracy in the 21st Century......Page 26
Piracy Then and Now......Page 28
Globalization......Page 30
Defining Organized Crime......Page 31
Mafia......Page 33
Structures of Organized Crime Groups......Page 35
Slavery and Human Trafficking......Page 37
Structures of Human Trafficking Operations......Page 40
Human Trafficking versus Human Smuggling......Page 41
Coyotes......Page 42
Illicit Drug Trafficking......Page 43
Weapons Trafficking......Page 48
Conclusion......Page 50
References......Page 51
Introduction......Page 56
Failed States......Page 57
Political Officials......Page 58
Police......Page 60
Tribalism and Ethnicity......Page 61
Civil Wars, Political Transitions, Regional Conflicts......Page 62
Organized Crime and Terrorism......Page 66
Borrowed Tactics......Page 69
Intersecting Activities......Page 71
Narcoterrorism......Page 73
Diamond Smuggling......Page 75
Counterfeiting......Page 76
Nuclear Smuggling......Page 78
Money Laundering......Page 79
Hawala......Page 80
Offshore Banking and Shell Corporations......Page 81
Controlling Money Laundering......Page 82
Electronic Money Laundering......Page 83
High-Tech Crimes......Page 84
Nigerian Advance Fee Fraud......Page 86
Music Piracy......Page 87
Drug Cartels......Page 88
Export Syndicates......Page 90
Crossing the U.S.–Mexico Border......Page 91
Prison Gangs and Street Gangs......Page 92
International Cooperation......Page 93
European Union......Page 95
Barriers to International Law Enforcement......Page 96
Language......Page 97
Technology......Page 98
Conclusion......Page 99
References......Page 101
The Sicilian and Italian-American Mafias......Page 110
The Americanization of the Mafia......Page 113
‘Ndrangheta [Calabria, Italy]......Page 115
The Corsicans......Page 117
Russian Organized Crime (ROC)......Page 118
Mexican Drug Cartels......Page 120
Juarez Cartel......Page 121
Tijuana Cartel [Arrellano-Felix Organization]......Page 122
Gulf Cartel and Los Zetas......Page 123
Guadalajara Cartel [Amezcua-Contreras Organization]......Page 124
Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) [Central America, Mexico, United States]......Page 125
Triads [China]......Page 126
Big Circle Boys [China]......Page 129
Tongs and Chinese Street Gangs [United States and Canada]......Page 130
Yakuza [Japan]......Page 132
Jamaican Posses [Caribbean, United Kingdom, United States]......Page 135
Nigerian Gangs [Africa]......Page 137
Hells Angels [United States, Western Europe, Canada, Australia]......Page 138
References......Page 140
4 Chronology......Page 146
Jose Miguel Battle......Page 170
Viktor Bout......Page 171
Tommaso Buscetta......Page 172
Ibrahim Dawood......Page 173
Pablo Emilio Escobar-Gaviria......Page 174
Gregorio Sauceda Gamboa......Page 175
Joaquin Guzman......Page 176
Daut Kadriovski......Page 177
Luciano Leggio......Page 178
Arturo Beltran Leyva......Page 179
Semion Mogilevich......Page 180
Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno......Page 181
Ze’ev Rosenstein......Page 182
Charles Ghankay Taylor......Page 183
Harry Anslinger......Page 184
Giovanni Falcone......Page 185
Walter Maierovitch......Page 186
Giuseppe Petrosino......Page 187
Joseph D. Pistone......Page 188
Howard Abadinsky......Page 189
Pino Arlacchi......Page 190
Cyrille Fijnaut......Page 191
Robert J. Kelly......Page 192
Joseph Serio......Page 193
Federico Varese......Page 194
Michael Woodiwiss......Page 195
Facts and Statistics on Organized Crime......Page 196
Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (1970)......Page 197
United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (2000)......Page 200
Categories of Transnational Criminal Offenses......Page 202
Potential Worldwide Heroin Production, in Metric Tons, 2002–2006......Page 203
Estimated Amounts of Illicit Drugs Transiting or Produced in Mexico and Seized, 2000–2006......Page 205
Gangs Affiliated with the Sinaloa, Gulf, Juarez, or Tijuana Cartels......Page 206
Drug Seizures in the Central Asian Region, 2005–2006......Page 207
International Opium Convention of 1912......Page 209
Harrison Narcotics Tax Act of 1914......Page 210
Marijuana Tax Act of 1937......Page 212
The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961......Page 213
The Merida Initiative......Page 214
Inter-American Convention against the Illicit Manufacturing of and Trafficking in Firearms, Ammunition, Explosives and Other Related Materials, 1997......Page 216
U.S. Senator Richard Lugar on Weapons Trafficking, 2009......Page 219
End User Certificate (EUC)......Page 220
United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees......Page 222
The Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking Human Beings, 2005......Page 223
Selected Average Costs for Human Smuggling, 2005......Page 224
Services Required by Successful Trafficking Operations......Page 225
Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings (2005)......Page 226
Kimberley Process Certification Scheme, 2003......Page 229
Gambling Prohibition and Enforcement Act, 2006......Page 231
Money Laundering......Page 232
Bank Secrecy Act of 1970......Page 233
Amounts of Money Reported Laundered in the Tri-Border Area (TBA), 1992–2001 (USD)......Page 234
Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force (OCDETF)......Page 235
U.S. Patriot Act, 2001......Page 236
U.S. Attorney General Michael Mukasey, 2008......Page 237
Quotations......Page 238
On Russian Organized Crime......Page 240
On Latin American and Mexican Drug Networks......Page 241
On Drug Trafficking......Page 242
Academic and Research-Oriented Organizations......Page 244
Governmental Organizations......Page 248
Law Enforcement Organizations......Page 257
Nongovernmental Organizations......Page 265
Investigative Roundtable on Organized Crime......Page 267
Asian Organized Crime......Page 270
Canadian Organized Crime......Page 273
European Organized Crime......Page 274
Globalization and Organized Crime......Page 276
Italian Organized Crime......Page 280
Law Enforcement......Page 284
Maritime Piracy......Page 285
Organized Crime and Related Issues......Page 286
Organized Crime-Terrorism Nexus......Page 292
Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs......Page 293
Russian and Soviet-Era Organized Crime......Page 294
Trafficking and Criminal Networks......Page 295
Videos......Page 297
Web Sites......Page 303
C......Page 308
G......Page 309
M......Page 310
O......Page 311
T......Page 312
Z......Page 313
A......Page 314
C......Page 315
E......Page 318
G......Page 319
I......Page 320
K......Page 321
M......Page 322
N......Page 323
P......Page 324
R......Page 325
T......Page 326
U......Page 327
Y......Page 328
About the Author......Page 329