β Scribed by Dr. Bertil Johansson; Fredrik Mertens; Felix Mitelman
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
Using a database comprising I 3,266 cytogenetically abnormal neoplasms, the geographic heterogeneity of neoplasiaassociated chromosomal abnormalities was investigated by comparing the frequencies of characteristic aberrations in consecutive series of patients with the same diagnosis. Significant frequency differences between geographic areas were found for the aberrations +8, i( 17q), + 19, and an additional Phi chromosome in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML); -5,5q-, and +8 in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL); t(8;2 I) in ANLL-M2; t ( 15; 17) in ANLL-M3; 5q-and -7 in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS); t(922) and +21 in acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL); t ( 1418) in follicular lymphoma; -8 and -22/22q-in meningioma; and structural abnormalities of 12q in pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary glands (PAS). No geographic incidence variation was detected for -7 and +21 in ANLL; 1-8 in MDS; 6q-and +8 in ALL; + I 2 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia; 6qin non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL); t(8; 14) in Burkitt's lymphoma; t( I I ;22) in Ewing's sarcoma; i( I2p) in germ cell tumors; I pin neuroblastoma; structural abnormalities of 3q, 8q, and 9p in PAS; or 3p-in renal cell carcinoma. lntraregional frequency similarities between cytogenetically identical abnormalities in related tumor types were also analyzed. N o significant correlations were found regarding the incidence of 5q-in ANLL and MDS, +8 in ANLL and CML, +8 in ANLL and MDS, +8 in ALL and ANLL, or +2 I in ALL and ANLL. The findings indicate that some geographic heterogeneity of tumor-associated aberrations exists both in hematologic neoplasms and in solid tumors. This could be due to genetic factors, although at present no evidence supports this explanation, or t o environmental factors, which have been shown to influence the chromosome pattern in some tumor types. It is also possible that both factors are of importance but in different stages of tumorigenesis. Primary and secondary abnormalities may originate through different mechanisms; e.g., environmental factors might be mainly involved in the genesis of primary anomalies, whereas constitutional factors might be more important for the secondary.
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