✦ LIBER ✦

Genes, mutations, and human inherited disease at the dawn of the age of personalized genomics

✍ Scribed by David N. Cooper; Jian-Min Chen; Edward V. Ball; Katy Howells; Matthew Mort; Andrew D. Phillips; Nadia Chuzhanova; Michael Krawczak; Hildegard Kehrer-Sawatzki; Peter D. Stenson

Publisher: John Wiley and Sons
Year: 2010
Tongue: English
Weight: 420 KB
Volume: 31
Category: Article
ISSN: 1059-7794
DOI: 10.1002/humu.21260

No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.

✦ Synopsis

The number of reported germline mutations in human nuclear genes, either underlying or associated with inherited disease, has now exceeded 100,000 in more than 3,700 different genes. The availability of these data has both revolutionized the study of the morbid anatomy of the human genome and facilitated ''personalized genomics.'' With $300 new ''inherited disease genes'' (and $10,000 new mutations) being identified annually, it is pertinent to ask how many ''inherited disease genes'' there are in the human genome, how many mutations reside within them, and where such lesions are likely to be located? To address these questions, it is necessary not only to reconsider how we define human genes but also to explore notions of gene ''essentiality'' and ''dispensability.'' Answers to these questions are now emerging from recent novel insights into genome structure and function and through complete genome sequence information derived from multiple individual human genomes. However, a change in focus toward screening functional genomic elements as opposed to genes sensu stricto will be required if we are to capitalize fully on recent technical and conceptual advances and identify new types of disease-associated mutation within noncoding regions remote from the genes whose function they disrupt.

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