Generation of Gas-Phase Ge, Sn, and Pb Cluster Anions from Various Sources and Comparison to Solid-State Analogues
✍ Scribed by Thomas F. Fässler; Hans-Joachim Muhr; Markus Hunziker
- Publisher
- John Wiley and Sons
- Year
- 1998
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 315 KB
- Volume
- 1998
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 1434-1948
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✦ Synopsis
Time-of-flight mass-spectrometric investigations show that
The latter results in the formation of clusters of 11 (Ge), 15 (Sn), and 13 (Pb) E atoms. Under similar conditions cations laser desorption leads to anionic, large clusters of the elements (E) Ge, Sn, and Pb without special gas-phase are observed at much lower intensities and the maximum cluster size is 6. For E = Ge anions containing two different clustering conditions and additional ionization processes. Ion formation strongly depends on the nature of the starting kinds of atoms KGe n -are observed with relatively high abundance for n = 5, 9, and 10; KGe 11 -and KGe 13 -are also materials used during desorption experiments. Cluster anions from pure elements E were observed with a maximum detected. The results are compared to the formation of clusters in binary alloys. Analogies to structurally of 6 atoms and their relative intensities decreased exponentially with increasing cluster size. Larger clusters are characterized Zintl ions E n x-(x = 2, 3, 4) are given. The enhanced formation of cluster anions during the laser observed if alkali metals (K, Rb, and Cs) are present. Binary phases of nominal composition K 4 E 9 , ethylenediamine desorption process in the presence of electropositive metals indicates a more general application for anion formation in solutions of these phases, and crystalline compounds containing well-defined cluster anions as in [K([2.2.2]-the gas phase. crypt)] 3 E 9 are used as sources for desorption experiments.