Preface
1 Introduction to Computer-Aided Filter Design
1.1 Electromagnetic Simulation
1.2 Computer-Aided Analysis
1.3 Computer Optimization
1.4 Outline of This Book
References
Selected Bibliography
2 Transmission Lines, Lumped Elements, and Resonators
2.1 Transmission Lines
2.1.1 Coaxial Line
2.1.2 Rectangular Waveguide
2.1.3 Circular Waveguide
2.1.4 Ridged Waveguide
2.1.5 Rectangular Dielectric-Loaded Waveguide
2.1.6 E-Plane Circuit (Finline)
2.1.7 Dielectric Waveguide
2.1.8 Metal-Pipe Waveguide
2.1.9 Stripline
2.1.10 Microstrip Line
2.1.11 Coplanar Line
2.1.12 Multilayer Coplanar Waveguide
2.1.13 Microshield Line
2.2 Comparison of Various Transmission Lines
2.3 Lumped Elements
2.3.1 Inductors
2.3.2 Capacitors
2.4 Resonators
2.4.1 Dielectric Resonator
2.4.2 Dielectric Material
References
Selected Bibliography
3 Characterization of Discontinuities
3.1 Analysis of Filter Discontinuities by the Mode-Matching Method
3.1.1 Discontinuities in Conventional E-Plane Filters
3.1.1.1 Metal Septum in Rectangular Waveguide
3.1.1.2 Simplification When Evanescent Modes Between AdjacentDiscontinuities Do Not Interact
3.1.2 Discontinuities in Ridged Waveguide Filters
3.1.2.1 Analysis of Ridged Waveguide
3.1.2.2 Metal Septum in Rectangular Waveguide Between Two Different Ridged Waveguides
3.1.2.3 Metal Septum in Rectangular Waveguide Between Rectangularand Ridged Waveguides
3.1.2.4 Metal Septum in Ridged Waveguide
3.2 Convergence
3.3 Coplanar Waveguide Discontinuities
3.3.1 Introduction to Coplanar Waveguide Modeling
3.3.2 Introduction to Xgeom TM and Em TM Software
References
Selected Bibliography
Appendix 3A
Appendix 3B: Scattering Parameters for Bifurcated Waveguides
Appendix References
4 Optimization-Based Filter Design
4.1 Filter Circuit Parameters
4.2 Filter Design
4.3 Filter Optimization
4.4 Description of the Algorithm
4.4.1 Symmetrical Case
4.4.1.1 Algorithm for Solving System of Nonlinear Equations
4.4.1.2 Evaluation of the Jacobian
4.4.2 Asymmetrical Case
References
Selected Bibliography
5 Design of Lumped-Element Filters by Optimization
5.1 An Approximate Synthesis-Based Design Procedure
5.1.1 Element Values of Chebyshev Lowpass Prototype Filters
5.1.2 Filter Design Procedure
5.1.2.1 Lowpass Filters
5.1.2.2 Highpass Filters
5.1.2.3 Bandpass Filters
5.1.2.4 Bandstop Filters
5.1.2.5 Immittance Inverters
5.2 Numerical Implementation of Equal-Ripple Optimization
5.3 Numerical Results
References
Selected Bibliography
6 Design of E-Plane Filters by Optimization
6.1 An Approximate Synthesis-Based Procedure for the Design of Direct-Coupled Cavity Filters
6.2 A Cad Algorithm Using the Passband Correction Method
6.2.1 Design Procedure Using Passband Correction Method
6.3 Numerical Implementation of Equal-Ripple Optimization
6.3.1 Calculation of Insertion Loss
6.3.2 Solution of Nonlinear Equations
6.4 Numerical and Experimental Results
References
Selected Bibliography
7 Design of Ridged Waveguide Filters by Optimization
7.1 Proposed Filter Configuration
7.2 Circuit Representation and Design Procedure
7.2.1 Circuit Representation
7.2.2 Design Procedure
7.3 Numerical Implementation of Equal-Ripple Optimization
7.4 Numerical and Experimental Results
References
Selected Bibliography
Appendix 7A: Derivation of the Impedance Inverter Equations
8 Design of Coplanar Waveguide Filters by Optimization
8.1 An Approximate Synthesis-Based Design Procedure
8.1.1 Circuit Representation
8.1.2 Design Procedure
8.2 Numerical Implementation of Equal-Ripple Optimization
8.3 Numerical and Experimental Results
References
Selected Bibliography
9 CAD Programs
9.1 The LCFIL TER Program
9.2 The EPFIL TER Program
Selected Bibliography
Appendix A Parameters
A.1 ABCD Parameters
A.2 Z Parameters
A.3 Y Parameters
A.4 S Parameters
A.5 T Parameters
A.6 Relationships Between Z and Y Parameters
A.6.1 From Z to Y Parameters
A.6.2 From Y to Z Parameters
A.7 Relationships Between Z and ABCD Parameters
A.7.1 From Z to ABCD Parameters
A.7.2 From ABCD to Z Parameters
A.8 Relationships Between Y and ABCD Parameters
A.8.1 From Y to ABCD Parameters
A.8.2 From ABCD to Y Parameters
A.9 Relationships Between S and ABCD Parameters
A.9.1 From S to ABCD Parameters
A.9.2 From ABCD to S Parameters
A.10 Relationships Between S and Z Parameters
A.10.1 From S to Z Parameters
A.10.2 From Z to S Parameters
A.11 Relationships Between S and Y Parameters
A.11.1 From S to Y Parameters
A.11.2 From Y to S Parameters
A.12 Relationships Between S and T Parameters
A.12.1 From T to S Parameters
A.12.2 From S to T Parameters
A.13 Relationships Between ABCD and T Parameters
A.13.1 From ABCD to T Parameters
A.13.2 From T to ABCD Parameters
A.14 Relationships Between S Parameters and Zoe (Zo0) Input Impedance
Selected Bibliography
Appendix B
B.1 Physical Constants
B.2 Resistivity and Conductivity of Some Common Metals
B.3 Properties of Common Substrate Materials at Microwave Frequencies
List of Principal Symbols and Abbreviations
About the Author
Index