General Circulation Model Development: Past, Present, and Future

✍ Scribed by David A. Randall (Eds.)

• Publisher: Elsevier, Academic Press
• Year: 2001
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 849
• Series: International Geophysics 70
• Edition: 1st
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

General Circulation Models (GCMs) are rapidly assuming widespread use as powerful tools for predicting global events on time scales of months to decades, such as the onset of EL Nino, monsoons, soil moisture saturation indices, global warming estimates, and even snowfall predictions. While GCMs have been praised for helping to foretell the current El Nino and its impact on droughts in Indonesia, its full power is only now being recognized by international scientists and governments who seek to link GCMs to help them estimate fish harvests, risk of floods, landslides, and even forest fires.Scientists in oceanography, hydrology, meteorology, and climatology and civil, ocean, and geological engineers perceive a need for a reference on GCM design. In this compilation of information by an internationally recognized group of experts, Professor Randall brings together the knowledge base of the forerunners in theoretical and applied frontiers of GCM development. General Circulation Model Development focuses on the past, present, and future design of numerical methods for general circulation modeling, as well as the physical parameterizations required for their proper implementation. Additional chapters on climate simulation and other applications provide illustrative examples of state-of-the-art GCM design. Key Features Foreword by Norman Phillips Authoritative overviews of current issues and ideas on global circulation modeling by leading experts Retrospective and forward-looking chapters by Akio Arakawa of UCLA Historical perspectives on the early years of general circulation modeling* Indispensable reference for researchers and graduate students

✦ Table of Contents

Content:
Contributors
Pages xxiii-xxv

Foreword
Pages xxvii-xxix
Norman Phillips

Preface
Pages xxxi-xxxii
David Randall

Chapter 1 A personal perspective on the early years of general circulation modeling at UCLA Review Article
Pages 1-65
Akio Arakawa

Chapter 2 A brief history of atmospheric general circulation modeling Review Article
Pages 67-90
Paul N. Edwards

Chapter 3 Clarifying the dynamics of the general circulation: Phillips's 1956 experiment Review Article
Pages 91-125
John M. Lewis

Chapter 4 Climate modeling in the global warming debate Review Article
Pages 127-164,I-VIII
J. Hansen, R. Ruedy, A. Lacis, M. Sato, L. Nazarenko, N. Tausnev, I. Tegen, D. Koch

Chapter 5 A retrospective analysis of the pioneering data assimilation experiments with the Mintz-Arakawa general circulation model Review Article
Pages 165-179
Milton Halem, Andrea Hudson, Jules Kouatchou

Chapter 6 A retrospective view of Arakawa's ideas on cumulus parameterization Review Article
Pages 181-198
Wayne H. Schubert

Chapter 7 On the origin of cumulus parameterization for numerical prediction models Review Article
Pages 199-224
Akira Kasahara

Chapter 8 Quasi-equilibrium thinking Review Article
Pages 225-255
Kerry Emanuel

Chapter 9 Application of relaxed Arakawa-Schubert cumulus parameterization to the NCEP climate model: Some sensitivity experiments Review Article
Pages 257-284
Shrinivas Moorthi

Chapter 10 Solving problems with GCMs: General circulation models and their role in the climate modeling hierarchy Review Article
Pages 285-325
Michael Ghil, Andrew W. Robertson

Chapter 11 Prospects for development of medium-range and extended-range forecasts Review Article
Pages 327-354
Anthony Hollingsworth

Chapter 12 Climate services at the Japan meteorological agency using a general circulation model: Dynamical one-month prediction Review Article
Pages 355-371
Tatsushi Tokioka

Chapter 13 numerical methods: The Arakawa approach, horizontal grid, global, and limited-area modeling Review Article
Pages 373-419
Fedor Mesinger

Chapter 14 formulation of oceanic general circulation models Review Article
Pages 421-456
James C. McWilliams

Chapter 15 Climate and variability in the first quasi-equilibrium tropical circulation model Review Article
Pages 457-488
Ning Zeng, J. David Neelin, Chia Chou, Johnny Wei-Bing Lin, Hui Su

Chapter 16 Climate simulation studies at CCSR Review Article
Pages 489-508
Akimasa Sumi

Chapter 17 Global atmospheric modeling using a geodesic grid with an isentropic vertical coordinate Review Article
Pages 509-538
David A. Randall, Ross Heikes, Todd Ringer

Chapter 18 A coupled GCM pilgrimage: From climate catastrophe to ENSO simulations Review Article
Pages 539-575
Carlos R. Mechoso, Jin-Yi Yu, Akio Arakawa

Chapter 19 Representing the stratocumulus-topped boundary layer in GCMs Review Article
Pages 577-604
Chin-Hoh Moeng, Bjorn Stevens

Chapter 20 Cloud system modeling Review Article
Pages 605-640
Steven K. Krueger

Chapter 21 Using single-column models to improve cloud-radiation parameterizations Review Article
Pages 641-657
Richard C.J. Somerville

Chapter 22 Entropy, the Lorenz energy cycle, and climate Review Article
Pages 659-720
Douald R. Johnson

Chapter 23 Future development of general circulation models Review Article
Pages 721-780
Akio Arakawa

Index
Pages 781-803

✦ Subjects

Науки о Земле;Метеорология и климатология;