โ Scribed by J.H.L. Playfair
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
The purpose of this brief section is to mention publications that fell between the main sections or have appeared since the reviews were completed. Some useful general reviews are worth citing for their value as backaround reading; thev deal with: cvtotoxic T cells [ 11; eniotoxins [ 21; t&no; necrosis factor [ 31, and the very important and often neglected subjects of mucosal [ 41 (Pig. 1) and pulmonary [5] (Fig. 2) immunity, the former being critical for the proper design of oral vaccines while the latter will increasingly come to prominence as in-rmunological intervention is tried in diseases such as the Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome and the Pneumocystis pneumonia of acquired immune deficiency syndrome @RN. Cytokines attract more attention each year mainly because of their availability in recombinant form, and also the ability to raise biologically active monoclonal antibod-Pig. 1. Hypothetical diagram of the common mucosal immune system in humans. Lymphoid ceils, presumably from the bone marrow, Mter the Peyer's patches (CALT) through high endothelial venules. Under the local influence of T cells and accessory cells they express surface IgA. Environmental antigens enter Peyer's patches through pinocytotic and phagocytic M cells and interact with resident accessory, T and B cells. lmmunoglobulin (@A-committed and antigen-sensitized B cells and lymphoblasts leave Peyer's patches and enter the regional lymph nodes, then the lymph and circulation. Finally, such cells populate various exocrine glands and mucosa-associated tissues, where terminal differentiation into IgA-secreting plasma cells occurs. Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) apparently plays a role analogous to that of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (CALTL It is thought that tonsils may also contribute to the pool of precursor ~41s that populate the upper aerodigestive tract. Details concerning the origin, regulation of differentiation, and homing of precursors of @-producing cells and selective transport of IgA into external secretions have been recently reviewed (Mestecky and McChee, Adv 'mmuno/ 1987 401153-245). Adapted from L41.
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