Abstract
Cartilage is a support tissue with a poor capacity to self‐repair. Its cells, chondrocytes, are responsible for synthesizing and renewing the matrix that surrounds them in a constant turnover mechanism. Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is one of the techniques that promises to be an alternative to common strategies for chondral lesions. To apply this technique, a large amount of cells must be obtained. In our work, we studied the state of cells from different cartilage (young, aged, and osteoarthritic sheep) cultured in monolayer by analyzing their proliferation rate using bromodeoxyuridine and their gene expression profile by RT‐PCR. A decrease was found in expression of type II collagen and aggrecan in aged, osteoarthritic, and passaged chondrocytes. Treatment of cells with growth factors aFGF, IGF‐I, TGF‐β, and OP‐1 improved the proliferation rate in all cells studied and stimulated gene expression of type II collagen, aggrecan, and TGF‐β. Osteoarthritic cells showed a poor response according to matrix gene expression, while young cells responded properly, and aged chondrocytes showed a moderate response. These results suggest that the state of cartilage may affect the behavior of cultured chondrocytes. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 24:2087–2094, 2006