Gas Sensing Fundamentals

✍ Scribed by Kohl, Claus-Dieter;Wagner, Thorsten

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2014
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 348
• Series: Springer series on chemical sensors and biosensors
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This volume, which addresses various basic sensor principles, covers micro gravimetric sensors, semiconducting and nano tube sensors, calorimetric sensors and optical sensors. Furthermore, the authors discuss recent developments in the related sensitive layers including new properties of nano structured metal oxide layers. They provide in-depth insights into the unique chemistry and signal generation of copper oxide in percolating sensors and present a variety of applications of functional polymers made possible by proper imprinting. Highlights of the subjects covered include:?????????? require.;Preface; Contents; High-Temperature Gas Sensors; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Physical Principles and Temperature Ranges; 2 Potentiometric Gas Sensors; 2.1 Electrolytes; 2.2 Operation Principle; 2.3 Application Limits and Measurement Errors; 2.3.1 Partial Electronic Conduction of the Electrolyte; 2.3.2 Alteration of the Sample Gas Composition; 2.3.3 Polarization of the Electrodes by the Ionic Current; 2.3.4 Temperature Fluctuations at the Electrodes; 2.3.5 Insufficient Supply of the Reference Gas; 2.3.6 Unwanted Catalytic Reactions at the Electrodes; 2.4 Application Examples; 2.4.1 lambda-Probe.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
High-Temperature Gas Sensors
1 Introduction
1.1 Physical Principles and Temperature Ranges
2 Potentiometric Gas Sensors
2.1 Electrolytes
2.2 Operation Principle
2.3 Application Limits and Measurement Errors
2.3.1 Partial Electronic Conduction of the Electrolyte
2.3.2 Alteration of the Sample Gas Composition
2.3.3 Polarization of the Electrodes by the Ionic Current
2.3.4 Temperature Fluctuations at the Electrodes
2.3.5 Insufficient Supply of the Reference Gas
2.3.6 Unwanted Catalytic Reactions at the Electrodes
2.4 Application Examples
2.4.1 lambda-Probe. 2.4.2 Wide-Range Oxygen Partial Pressure Control3 Amperometric Gas Sensors
3.1 Operation Principle
3.2 Application Limits and Measurement Errors
3.2.1 Pump Voltage
3.2.2 Oxygen Partial Pressure Range
Air at the Anode
Sample Gas at the Anode
3.3 Application Examples
3.3.1 Wide-Range Oxygen Sensor
3.3.2 Amperometric NOx Sensor
4 Resistive Sensors
4.1 Operation Principle
4.1.1 Modification of the Sensor Material Stoichiometry by Partial Reduction
4.1.2 Formation of Depletion Layers
4.2 Application Limits and Measurement Errors. 4.2.1 Reduction and Evaporation of the Active Sensor Material4.2.2 Temperature Dependence of the Resistivity
4.2.3 Cross-Sensitivities to Other Species
4.2.4 Space Charge Effects at the Electrode-Oxide Interface
4.2.5 Aging of the Sensor Material
4.2.6 Contamination of the Sensor Surface
4.3 Application Examples
4.3.1 TiO2-Based Oxygen Sensor
Nominally Undoped TiO2
Nb-Doped TiO2
4.3.2 Temperature-Compensated Oxygen Sensor
5 Resonant Sensors
5.1 High-Temperature Piezoelectric Crystals
5.2 Operation Principles
5.2.1 Bulk Acoustic Wave Resonators. 5.2.2 Surface Acoustic Wave Resonators5.3 Application Limits and Measurement Errors
5.3.1 Temperature Dependence of the Resonance Frequency
5.3.2 Cross-Sensitivities
5.3.3 Electromechanical Losses
5.3.4 Aging and Degradation of the Piezoelectric Crystals
5.4 Application Examples
5.4.1 Soot Sensor
5.4.2 Gravimetric Oxygen Sensor
5.4.3 Selective CO/H2 Sensor
References
Insect Olfaction as a Natural Blueprint of Gas Sensors?
1 The Key: Observation of Insect Behavior
1.1 Introduction to Insect Behavior
1.2 Example M. acuminata, M. atrata: Long-Range Orientation to Forest Fires. 1.3 Example M. acuminata, M. atrata: Close-Range Orientation on Burnt Forest Sites2 The First Step: Analysis of Olfaction by Trace Analysis and Electrophysiology
2.1 Trace Analysis of Smoke Volatiles
2.2 Electroantennographic Analysis of Volatiles
3 The Second Step: Utilization of Insect Antennae as Biosensors
3.1 Introduction to Biosensors
3.2 A Biosensor on the Basis of Insect Antennae
3.3 Biomimetic Approaches to Sensors on the Basis of Insect Olfaction
References
Sensor Arrays, Virtual Multisensors, Data Fusion, and Gas Sensor Data Evaluation
1 Introduction.

✦ Subjects

Chemistry;Chemistry, Analytic;Electronics--Materials;Food--Biotechnology;Gas detectors;Optical materials;Physics;Spectrum analysis;Electronic books;Food -- Biotechnology;Electronics -- Materials