Preface
Contents
1 Decision-Making Under Fuzziness
1.1 Decision-Making
1.2 Seven Steps of Decision-Making
1.3 Types of Decision-Making
1.4 Fuzzy Decision-Making
1.5 Decision-Making Applications
1.6 Decision-Making in Economics
1.7 Decision Problems in Economics
1.8 Conclusion
References
2 History of Fuzzy Sets
2.1 Fuzzy Logic and Different Logic Types
2.2 Developer of Ordinary Fuzzy Sets: Lotfi A. Zadeh
2.3 Criticism of Fuzzy Logic in the Literature
2.4 Extensions of Ordinary Fuzzy Sets
2.5 Fuzzy Sets Literature Research
2.6 Conclusion
References
3 Preliminaries
3.1 Type-2 Fuzzy Sets
3.2 Simplified Neutrosophic Sets
3.3 Triangular Fuzzy Hesitant Fuzzy Sets
3.4 Pythagorean Fuzzy Sets
3.5 Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets
3.6 Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets
3.7 Spherical Fuzzy Sets
3.8 Picture Fuzzy Sets
3.9 Intuitionistic Fuzzy Z-Numbers
3.10 Interval-Valued Pythagorean Fuzzy Sets
3.11 Conclusion
References
4 Discounted Cash Flow Computation Under Fuzziness
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Key Terms of Engineering Economy Under Fuzziness
4.2.1 Effective Interest Rate
4.2.2 Single Payment Present Worth Factor
4.2.3 Single Payment Compound Amount Factor
4.2.4 Uniform Series Present Worth Factor
4.2.5 Uniform Series Compound Amount Factor
4.2.6 Uniform Series Capital Recovery Factor
4.2.7 Uniform Series Sinking Fund Factor
4.2.8 Gradient Payments Present Worth Factor
4.2.9 Gradient Payments Compound Amount Factor
4.2.10 Geometric Series Present Worth Factor
4.2.11 Geometric Series Compound Amount Factor
4.2.12 Single Payment Continuous Compounding Factor
4.3 Conclusion
References
5 Fuzzy Present Worth Analysis
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Literature Review: Fuzzy NPW Analysis
5.3 Extensions of Ordinary NPW Analysis
5.3.1 Fuzzy Investment Problem Definition
5.3.2 Type-2 Fuzzy NPW Analysis
5.3.3 Simplified Neutrosophic NPW Analysis
5.3.4 Triangular Fuzzy Hesitant Fuzzy NPW Analysis
5.3.5 Pythagorean Fuzzy NPW Analysis
5.4 Conclusion
References
6 Fuzzy Annual Worth Analysis
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Literature Review on FAWA
6.3 Fuzzy EUAW Analysis
6.3.1 Fuzzy Investment Problem Definition
6.3.2 TFHF EUAW Analysis
6.3.3 Ordinary Triangular Fuzzy EUAW Analysis
6.4 Conclusion
References
7 Fuzzy Benefit/Cost Analysis
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Literature Review: Fuzzy Benefit/Cost Analysis
7.3 Fuzzy Benefit/Cost Analysis
7.3.1 Fuzzy Benefit/Cost Analysis Problem Definition
7.3.2 Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Benefit/Cost Analysis
7.3.3 Spherical Fuzzy Benefit/Cost Analysis
7.4 Conclusion
References
8 Fuzzy Break-Even Analysis
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Literature Review
8.3 Fuzzy Break-Even Analysis
8.3.1 Classical Break-Even Analysis
8.3.2 Picture Fuzzy Break-Even Analysis
8.3.3 Spherical Fuzzy Break-Even Analysis
8.4 Application
8.4.1 Solution with PF-BEA
8.4.2 Solution with SF-BEA
8.5 Conclusion
References
9 Fuzzy Sensitivity Analysis
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Literature Review
9.3 Fuzzy Sensitivity Analysis
9.3.1 Ordinary Fuzzy Sensitivity Analysis
9.3.2 Intuitionistic Fuzzy Multi-parameter Sensitivity Analysis
9.4 Conclusion
References
10 Fuzzy Risk Adjusted Discount Rate and Certainty Equivalent Methods
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Literature Review
10.3 Intuitionistic Fuzzy Present Value Analysis
10.3.1 Intuitionistic Fuzzy Risk Adjusted Discount Rate Method
10.3.2 Intuitionistic Fuzzy Certainty Equivalent Method
10.4 Illustration of IF-RADR and IF-CE Methods
10.5 Conclusion
References
11 Fuzzy Replacement Analysis
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Literature Review
11.3 Ordinary Fuzzy Replacement Analysis
11.4 Picture Fuzzy Replacement Analysis
11.5 Conclusion
References
12 Fuzzy Capital Budgeting
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Literature Review
12.3 Fuzzy Capital Budgeting
12.3.1 Ordinary Fuzzy Capital Budgeting
12.3.2 Intuitionistic Fuzzy Capital Budgeting
12.4 Conclusions
References
13 Fuzzy Multi-criteria Investment Decision Making
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Literature Review
13.3 Intuitionistic Z-AHP & Z-TOPSIS Methodology
13.4 Interval-Valued Pythagorean Fuzzy WASPAS Method
13.5 Conclusion
References
14 Conclusions and Future Directions
14.1 Future Research Directions
14.2 Limitations
14.3 Advantages and Disadvantages
14.4 Potential Future Application Areas of Fuzzy Investment Analyses
References
Index