Fundamentals of X-ray Physics MD0950

✍ Scribed by US Army medical department

• Year: 2006
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 154
• Series: US Army medical course
• Edition: 100
• Category: Library

✦ Table of Contents

DEVELOPMENT
ADMINISTRATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
LESSON 1
Section I. INTRODUCTION
1-1. PURPOSE
1-2. SCOPE
1-3. HISTORY OF RADIOGRAPHY
1-4. RADIOLOGY
1-5. THE ENLISTED X-RAY SPECIALIST
Section II. BASIC CONCEPTS OF MATTER AND ENERGY
1-6. INTRODUCTION
1-7. MATTER
1-8. ENERGY
1-9. MASS-ENERGY RELATIONSHIPS
1-10. THE LAW OF CONSERVATION
1-11. ATOMIC STRUCTURE
1-12. ISOTOPES
1-13. VALENCE
1-14. FORMATION OF MOLECULES
1-15. RADIOACTIVITY
1-16. X-RADIATION
EXERCISES
SOLUTIONS
LESSON 2
Section I. INTRODUCTION
2-1. LAW OF ELECTROSTATICS
2-2. ELECTRIC CURRENT
Section II. ELECTRIC CURRENTS
2-3. NATURE Of AN ELECTRIC CURRENT
2-4. SOURCES OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
2-5. FUNDAMENTAL FACTORS PRESENT IN EVERY ELECTRIC CIRCUIT
Section III. ELEMENTARY ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
2-6. INTRODUCTION
2-7. OHM'S LAW
2-8. WORK AND POWER IN AN ELECTRIC CIRCUIT
Section IV. MAGNETISM
2-9. CLASSIFICATION OF MAGNETS
2-10. PROPERTIES OF MAGNETS
2-11. MAGNETIC AND NONMAGNETIC SUBSTANCES
2-12. PROPERTIES OF MAGNETIC MATERIALS
2-13. MAGNETIC FIELDS
2-14. CHARACTERISTICS OF LINES OF FORCE
2-15. ELECTROMAGNETISM
2-16. PRODUCTION AND USE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCE
2-17. ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
2-18. SELF-INDUCTION
2-19. MUTUAL INDUCTION
Section V. ELECTRIC GENERATORS AND MOTORS
2-20. INTRODUCTION
2-21. THE SIMPLE ALTERNATING CURRENT GENERATOR
2-22. DIRECT CURRENT GENERATOR
2-23. ADVANTAGES OF ALTERNATING CURRENT
2-24. THE ELECTRIC MOTOR
Section VI. ELECTRICAL DEVICES
2-25. CURRENT-MEASURING DEVICES
2-26. TRANSFORMERS
2-27. TRANSFORMER CORE TYPES
2-28. TRANSFORMER LOSSES
2-29. VOLTAGE REGULATORS
2-30. RECTIFICATION
2-31. VALVE TUBE RECTIFICATION
2-32. HALF-WAVE RECTIFICATION
2-33. FULL-WAVE RECTIFICATION
2-34. METHOD OF TESTING RECTIFIERS AND TIMERS
2-35. THREE-PHASE
EXERCISES
SOLUTIONS
LESSON 3
Section I. MAJOR X-RAY MACHINE CIRCUITS
3-1. INTRODUCTION
3-2. LINE-TO-AUTOTRANSFORMER CIRCUIT
3-3. X-RAY TUBE FILAMENT CIRCUIT
3-4. HIGH-TENSION CIRCUIT
3-5. THE TIMER OR CONTROL CIRCUIT
3-6. CIRCUITRY IN A TYPICAL X-RAY MACHINE
Section II. X-RAY TUBES
3-7. INTRODUCTION
3-8. THE PRODUCTION OF X-RADIATION
3-9. DEVELOPMENT OF X-RAY TUBES
3-10. TARGET MATERIAL AND ANODE CONSTRUCTION
3-11. FOCAL SPOT
3-12. ANODE HEEL EFFECT
3-13. GRID-CONTROLLED TUBE
3-14. RATING CHARTS
EXERCISES
SOLUTIONS
LESSON 4
Section I. AVOIDING ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
4-1. INTRODUCTION
4-2. FUSES--MACHINE PROTECTION ONLY
4-3. SEVERITY OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK
4-4. GROUNDING
4-5. COMMON DANGER AREA
4-6. RESCUE OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK VICTIMS
Section II. RADIATION--INTERACTION OF PHOTONS WITH MATTER
4-7. INTRODUCTION
4-8. IONIZATION
4-9. OTHER INTERACTIONS
Section III. RADIATION--DETECTION AND MEASUREMENT
4-10. INTRODUCTION
4-11. TOTAL DOSE AND DOSE RATE
4-12. ION CHAMBER
4-13. FILM BADGE
Section IV. RADIATION--PROTECTION
4-14. INTRODUCTION
4-15. INVERSE SQUARE LAW
4-16. PHOTON ENERGY FACTOR
4-17. ABSORBER DENSITY
4-18. ABSORBER THICKNESS
Section V. RADIATION--CELLULAR CONCEPTS
4-19. INTRODUCTION
4-20. LIFE CYCLE OF A CELL
4-21. CLASSIFICATION OF CELLS
4-22. DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID AND RIBONUCLEIC ACID
4-23. HOW IONIZING RADIATION AFFECTS DEOXYRIBONUCIEL
4-24. MECHANISMS OF RADIATION INJURY
4-25. RADIOSENSITIVITY OF CELLS
4-26. RADIOSENSITIVITY OF SPECIES
Section VI. RADIATION--RESIDUAL DOSAGE
4-27. INTRODUCTION
4-28. UNITS OF RADIATION DOSAGE
4-29. MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE DOSE
Section VII. RADIATION--BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
4-30. INTRODUCTION
4-31. ACUTE RADIATION SYNDROME
4-32. CHRONIC EFFECTS
Section VIII. PRACTICING RADIATION PROTECTION
4-33. INTRODUCTION
4-34. PROTECTION FOR THE SPECIALIST
4-35. PROTECTION FOR THE PATIENT
4-36. PROTECTION FOR OTHERS
EXERCISES
SOLUTIONS
APPENDIX
RADIATION THERAPY GUIDELINES
1. X-RAY THERAPY GUIDELINES
2. GAMMA-BEAM THERAPY GUIDELINES
3. EXAMPLE OF EMERGENCY PROCEDURES FOR FAILURE OF GAMMA- BEAM CONTROL MECHANISM