Fundamentals of Renewable Energy

✍ Scribed by N.S. Rathore, N.L. Panwar

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 429
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book is to provide in-depth information on fundamentals of different renewable energy resources. The primary emphasis is on fundamentals of thermodynamics and heat transfer aspects of renewable energy gadgets and their actual applications. Various renewable energy systems are described and their fundamental analyses are described.
Note: T&F does not sell or distribute the hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. This title is co-published with NIPA.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Half Title
About the Authors
Title Page
Copyright Page
Preface
Table of Contents
Nomenclature
Units of Conversion
1. Introduction
1.1. General
1.2. Energy and it’s Requirement
1.3. Reforms in the Energy Sector
1.4. Climate Change Scenario
1.5. Role of Energy in Economic Development
1.6. Role of Renewable Energy Sources
2. Thermodynamic Basis of Energy and Exergy Analysis
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics
2.3 The Second Law of Thermodynamics
2.4 Thermodynamic Basis of Exergy Analysis
2.5 Energetic and Exergetic Efficiencies of a Thermal System
2.6 Exergetic Analysis of Solar Radiations
3. Solar Radiation
3.1 The Sun
3.2 The Sun-Earth Relationship
3.3 The Structure of the Sun
3.4 Solar Constant (Gsc)
3.5 Solar Radiation Outside the Earth’s Atmosphere (Extra Terrestrial Radiation)
3.6 Solar Radiation at the Earth’s Surface (Terrestrial Radiation)
3.7 Determination of Solar Time
3.8 Solar Radiation Geometry
3.9 Extraterrestrial Radiation on Horizontal Surface
3.10 Terrestrial Solar Radiation
3.11 Estimation of Daily Solar Radiation
3.12 Relationship of Hourly Diffuse and Global Radiation
3.13 Relationship of Daily Diffuse and Global Radiation
3.14 Relationship of Monthly Average Daily Values of Diffuse and Global Radiation
3.15 Relationship of Hourly & Daily Values of Solar Radiation
3.16 Estimation of Total Radiation on Fixed Sloped Surfaces
3.17 Measurement of Solar Radiation
4. Heat Transfer Principles
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Modes of Heat Transfer
4.3 Steady State Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity and Diffusivity
4.4 Heat Flow through a Composite Slab
4.5 Radial Flow of Heat through a Cylindrical Tube
4.6 Heat Transfer by Convection
4.7 Combined Conduction and Convection Heat Transfer
4.8 Radiation Incident on a Surface
4.9 Newton’s Law of Cooling
4.10 Stefan’s Law / Heat Transfer by Radiation
4.11 Emissive Power, Absorptive Power and Kirchoff’s Law
5. Solar Thermal Energy
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Solar Energy Collection
5.3 Flat Plate Collector
5.4 Solar Cooking
5.5 Solar Desalination
5.6 Solar Water Heater
5.7 Solar Ponds
5.8 Solar Furnaces
5.10 Design Considerations for Solar Thermal Power Plants
5.11 Storage of Solar Energy
5.12 Energy Storage
6. Solar Drying
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Working Principle
6.3 Classification of Drying Systems
6.4 Classification of Solar-Energy Drying Systems
6.5 Design of Tunnel Dryer
6.6 Thermal Modeling of Solar Tunnel Dryer
6.7 Energy and Exergy Assessment
6.8 Case Studies on Walk-in-Type Solar Tunnel Dryer for Methi (Fenugreek) Leaves Drying
6.9 Salient Features of The Solar Tunnel Dryer
6.10 Operation and Maintenances of Solar Tunnel Dryer (STD)
6.11 Points to be kept in view while Using Solar Tunnel Dryer
7. Solar Greenhouse
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Plant Environment And Greenhouse Climate
7.3 Type of Greenhouses
7.4 Covering Materials of Greenhouses
7.5 Greenhouse Ventilation
7.6 Greenhouse Cooling System
7.7 Greenhouse Control Systems
8. Solar Photovoltaic Technology
8.1 Introduction
8.2 SWOT Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic System
8.3 Semiconductors
8.4 PN Junction Diode
8.5 Solar Cell
8.6 Historical Perspective of Solar Photovoltaic Technology
8.7 Materials for Photovoltaic Applications
8.8 Present Status of Solar Photovoltaic technology
8.9 Efficiency of Solar Cells
8.10 Design of Solar Photovoltaic System
8.11 SPV System and Components
8.12 Applications of Solar Photovoltaic
8.13 Present Status of Application of PV in India
8.14 Design of Solar PV Technology for Water Pumping
9. Solar Heating and Cooling
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Active Solar House Technology
9.3 Types of Active Solar Houses
9.4 Solar Air System for Active Approach
9.5 Solar Liquid System for Active Approach
9.6 Solar Heat Pump Type Active Houses
9.7 Solar Active Cooling Techniques
9.8 Evaporative Cooling
9.9 Solar Driven Vapour Compression System
9.10 Passive Solar Architecture Heating
9.11 Solar Passive Architecture - Conceptual Details
9.12 Types of Passive solar heating systems
9.13 Natural lighting
9.14 Human Thermal Comfort
10. Wind Energy
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Beaufort Wind Scale
10.3 Wind Energy and Its Characteristics
10.4 Design of Wind Energy System
10.5 Wind Measurement Equipment
10.6 Wind Energy Conversion Systems
10.7 Wind Energy Devices
10.8 Uses of Wind Energy Systems
10.9 Economics of Wind Power
11. Biogas Technology
11.1 General
11.2 Chemistry of Fermentation
11.3 Characteristics of Biogas
11.4 Socio-Economic Aspect of Biogas Technology
11.5 Social Benefits
11.6 Environmental and Health Benefits
11.7 Barriers in the Implementation of Biogas Technology
11.8 Types of Biogas Plants
11.9 Design of a Biogas Plant
11.10 Selection of Size
11.11 Selection of Beneficiaries
11.12 Land for Plant
11.13 Water Requirement
11.14 Selection of Site
11.15 Do’s and Don’ts of Biogas Plants
11.16 Biogas Storage
11.17 Biogas for Vehicles
11.18 Planning a Biogas Engine System
11.19 Parameters Affecting Anaerobic Digestion
12. Biomass Energy
12.1 General
12.2 Biomass Classification
12.3 Biomass Characteristics
12.4 Biomass Production Technique
12.5 Harvesting of Biomass
12.6 Biomass Processing for Fuel Use
12.7 Carbonisation of Biomass
12.8 Pyrolysis Process
12.9 Densification Technology
12.10 Torrefaction of Biomass
12.11 Biomass Gasification
12.12 Biodiesel Production
12.13 Bioethanol Production
13. Geothermal Energy
13.1 Introduction
13.2 History of Geothermal Energy
13.3 Classification of Geothermal Energy Sources
13.4 Resources Definition
13.5 World Geothermal Energy Status
13.6 Technology and Resource Type
13.7 Power Generation Technology
13.8 Direct Use Technology
13.9 Technological Issues with Geothermal Developments
13.10 Modern Uses of Geothermal Energy
13.11 Applications of Geothermal Energy Sources
13.12 Indian Geothermal Provinces
13.13 Disadvantages of Geothermal Energy
14. Hydro Electric Power
14.1 Introduction
14.2 History and Development
14.3 How Hydro-Electric Power Stations Operate
14.4 Types of Water Turbines
14.5 Large Scale Hydro
14.6 Pumped Storage Hydro-Electric Schemes
14.7 Small Scale Hydro Power
14.8 Hydro Power in India
14.9 Benefits and Constraints to Large-Scale Hydro Power Use
14.10 Future of Micro-Hydro Power
15. Ocean Energy
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)
15.3 Applications
15.4 Benefits of OTEC
15.5 Tidal Power
15.6 Wave Energy
15.7 Ocean Currents
15.7 Offshore Winds
16. Fuel Cell and MHD Technology
16.1 Fuel Cell
16.2 Classification of Fuel Cells
16.3 Advantages and Disadvantages
16.4 Cell Energy Balance
16.5 Cell Efficiency
16.6 Magneto Hydro Dynamics Principles and Applications
16.7 Essential Requirements for MHD Generator
16.8 Basic MHD Generator Configurations
16.9 Advantages and Disadvantages of MHD Generators
17. Techno – Economic Analysis
17.1 Introductions
17.2 Frame Work for Economic Evaluation of Energy Practice
17.3 Techno – Economic Energy Planning
References