Fundamentals of image data mining
โ Scribed by Zhang D
- Publisher
- Springer
- Year
- 2019
- Tongue
- English
- Leaves
- 333
- Category
- Library
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
โฆ Table of Contents
Preface......Page 7
About This Book......Page 8
Key Features of the Book......Page 9
Contents......Page 10
About the Author......Page 18
List of Figures......Page 19
List of Tables......Page 29
Preliminaries......Page 30
1.2.1 Sinusoids......Page 31
1.2.2 Fourier Series......Page 33
1.2.3 Complex Fourier Series......Page 36
1.3 Fourier Transform......Page 37
1.4.1 DFT......Page 38
1.4.2 Uncertainty Principle......Page 39
1.4.3 Nyquist Theorem......Page 41
1.6.1 Separability......Page 42
1.6.3 Rotation......Page 43
1.6.5 Convolution Theorem......Page 46
1.7 Techniques of Computing FT Spectrum......Page 47
1.9 Exercises......Page 50
References......Page 51
2.2 Short-Time Fourier Transform......Page 52
2.2.1 Spectrogram......Page 54
2.3.1 Gabor Transform......Page 55
2.3.2 Design of Gabor Filters......Page 56
2.3.3 Spectra of Gabor Filters......Page 58
2.5 Exercises......Page 59
References......Page 61
3.1 Discrete Wavelet Transform......Page 62
3.2 Multiresolution Analysis......Page 63
3.3.1 DTW Decomposition Tree......Page 64
3.3.2 1D Haar Wavelet Transform......Page 66
3.3.3 2D Haar Wavelet Transform......Page 68
3.4 Summary......Page 69
3.5 Exercises......Page 71
Image Representation and Feature Extraction......Page 72
4.1 Introduction......Page 75
4.2.1 CIE XYZ, xyY Color Spaces......Page 76
4.2.2 RGB Color Space......Page 79
4.2.3 HSV, HSL and HSI Color Spaces......Page 81
4.2.4 CIE LUV Color Space......Page 86
4.2.5 YโฒCbCr Color Space......Page 88
4.3.1 K-Means Clustering......Page 89
4.3.2 JSEG Segmentation......Page 90
4.4.1 Color Histogram......Page 92
4.4.1.1 Component Histogram......Page 93
4.4.1.3 Dominant Color Histogram......Page 94
4.4.2 Color Structure Descriptor......Page 95
4.4.3 Dominant Color Descriptor......Page 97
4.4.4 Color Coherence Vector......Page 98
4.4.5 Color Correlogram......Page 100
4.4.6 Color Layout Descriptor......Page 101
4.4.7 Scalable Color Descriptor......Page 102
4.4.8 Color Moments......Page 103
4.5 Summary......Page 104
4.6 Exercises......Page 105
References......Page 106
5.2 Spatial Texture Feature Extraction Methods......Page 107
5.2.1 Tamura Textures......Page 108
5.2.2 Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrices......Page 110
5.2.3 Markov Random Field......Page 112
5.2.4 Fractal Dimension......Page 113
5.2.5 Discussions......Page 114
5.3.1 DCT-Based Texture Feature......Page 115
5.3.2.1 Gabor Filters......Page 116
5.3.2.2 Gabor Spectrum......Page 118
5.3.2.3 Texture Representation......Page 119
5.3.2.4 Rotation-Invariant Gabor Features......Page 120
5.3.3.1 Selection and Application of Wavelets......Page 122
5.3.3.2 Contrast of DWT and Other Spectral Transforms......Page 126
5.3.3.3 Multiresolution Analysis......Page 127
5.3.4.1 Curvelet Transform......Page 128
5.3.4.2 Discrete Curvelet Transform......Page 130
5.3.4.4 Curvelet Features......Page 133
5.3.5 Discussions......Page 135
5.5 Exercises......Page 136
References......Page 137
6.1 Introduction......Page 138
6.2.1 Circularity and Compactness......Page 139
6.2.2 Eccentricity and Elongation......Page 140
6.2.3 Convexity and Solidarity......Page 141
6.2.4 Euler Number......Page 142
6.3 Contour-Based Shape Methods......Page 143
6.3.1.2 Centroid Distance......Page 144
6.3.1.3 Angular Functions......Page 146
6.3.1.4 Curvature Signature......Page 147
6.3.1.5 Area Function......Page 149
6.3.2 Shape Context......Page 150
6.3.3 Boundary Moments......Page 151
6.3.4 Stochastic Method......Page 152
6.3.5.1 Scale Space......Page 153
6.3.5.2 Curvature Scale Space......Page 154
6.3.6 Fourier Descriptor......Page 155
6.3.8 Syntactic Analysis......Page 157
6.3.9 Polygon Decomposition......Page 158
6.3.11 Smooth Curve Decomposition......Page 160
6.4.1 Geometric Moments......Page 161
6.4.2 Complex Moments......Page 163
6.4.3 Generic Fourier Descriptor......Page 166
6.4.4 Shape Matrix......Page 169
6.4.5.1 Shape Projections......Page 170
6.4.5.2 Radon Transform......Page 171
6.4.6 Discussions......Page 174
6.4.7 Convex Hull......Page 175
6.4.8 Medial Axis......Page 176
6.5 Summary......Page 177
6.6 Exercises......Page 178
References......Page 179
Image Classification and Annotation......Page 180
7.1 Introduction......Page 185
7.2.1 NB Formulation......Page 188
7.3 Image Annotation with Word Co-occurrence......Page 190
7.4 Image Annotation with Joint Probability......Page 193
7.5 Cross-Media Relevance Model......Page 195
7.6 Image Annotation with Parametric Model......Page 196
7.7 Image Classification with Gaussian Process......Page 198
7.8 Summary......Page 200
7.9 Exercises......Page 201
References......Page 202
8.1 Linear Classifier......Page 203
8.1.1 A Theoretical Solution......Page 204
8.1.2 An Optimal Solution......Page 205
8.1.3 A Suboptimal Solution......Page 206
8.2 K-Nearest Neighbors Classification......Page 207
8.3 Support Vector Machine......Page 208
8.3.1 The Perceptron......Page 209
8.3.2.1 The Margin Between Two Classes......Page 210
8.3.2.3 The Primal Form of SVM......Page 213
8.3.3 The Dual Form of SVM......Page 214
8.3.3.1 The Dual Form Perceptron......Page 215
8.3.4.1 The Dual Form SVM Versus NN Classifier......Page 216
8.3.4.2 Kernel Definition......Page 217
8.3.4.4 The Kernel Trick......Page 220
8.3.5 The Pyramid Match Kernel......Page 222
8.3.6 Discussions......Page 225
8.4.1 Fusion of Binary SVMs......Page 226
8.4.3 Fusion of SVMs with Different Features......Page 227
8.5 Summary......Page 228
References......Page 229
9.1 Introduction......Page 230
9.2 Artificial Neurons......Page 231
9.2.1 An AND Neuron......Page 232
9.2.2 An OR Neuron......Page 233
9.3 Perceptron......Page 234
9.4 Nonlinear Neural Network......Page 235
9.5.1 Sigmoid Activation......Page 238
9.5.2 Shunting Inhibition......Page 239
9.6.1 The BP Network and Error Function......Page 240
9.6.2 Layer K Weight Estimation and Updating......Page 242
9.6.3 Layer K โ 1 Weight Estimation and Updating......Page 243
9.6.4 The BP Algorithm......Page 245
9.7.1 CNN Architecture......Page 246
9.7.3 Convolution Layer 1 (C1)......Page 247
9.7.3.3 Bias......Page 249
9.7.3.5 Depth of the Feature Map Volume......Page 250
9.7.3.6 ReLU Activation......Page 251
9.7.3.7 Batch Normalization......Page 252
9.7.5 Convolution Layer 2 (C2)......Page 253
9.7.6 Hyperparameters......Page 254
9.8.1 CNN Architecture......Page 255
9.8.3 Filters of the Fully Connected Layers......Page 257
9.8.4 Feature Maps of Convolution Layers......Page 260
9.8.5 Matlab Implementation......Page 262
References......Page 264
10.1 Introduction......Page 266
10.2.1 ID3 Splitting Criterion......Page 268
10.3.1 C4.5 Splitting Criterion......Page 270
10.4.1 Classification Tree Splitting Criterion......Page 271
10.4.2 Regression Tree Splitting Criterion......Page 272
10.4.3 Application of Regression Tree......Page 273
10.5.1 Feature Discretization......Page 275
10.5.2 Building the DT......Page 277
10.5.3 Image Classification and Annotation with DT......Page 278
10.6 Summary......Page 281
References......Page 282
Image Retrieval and Presentation......Page 283
11.1.2 Tree Indexing......Page 284
11.2 Inverted File Indexing......Page 285
11.2.1 Inverted File for Textual Documents Indexing......Page 286
11.2.2 Inverted File for Image Indexing......Page 287
11.2.2.2 Determine the Position Weight pw......Page 288
11.2.2.3 Determine the Relationship Weight rw......Page 289
11.3 Summary......Page 290
References......Page 291
12.2.1 Distance Metric......Page 292
12.2.2 Minkowski-Form Distance......Page 293
12.2.3 Mass-Based Distance......Page 294
12.2.4 Cosine Distance......Page 298
12.2.6 Histogram Intersection......Page 299
12.2.7 Quadratic Distance......Page 300
12.2.8 Mahalanobis Distance......Page 301
12.3.1 Recall and Precision Pair (RPP)......Page 302
12.3.2 F-Measure......Page 305
12.3.4 Percentage of Similarity Ranking (PSR)......Page 306
12.3.5 Bullseye Accuracy......Page 307
References......Page 308
13.2 Caption Browsing......Page 309
13.3 Category Browsing......Page 310
13.3.2 Hierarchical Category Browsing......Page 311
13.4 Content Browsing......Page 314
13.4.3 Force-Directed Content Browsing......Page 315
13.5 Query by Example......Page 317
13.6 Query by Keywords......Page 321
References......Page 324
Index......Page 330
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