Fundamentals of Electrical Power Systems Analysis

✍ Scribed by Md. Abdus Salam

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2020
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 554
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book covers the topic from introductory to advanced levels for undergraduate students of Electrical Power and related fields, and for professionals who need a fundamental grasp of power systems engineering. The book also analyses and simulates selected power circuits using appropriate software, and includes a wealth of worked-out examples and practice problems to enrich readers’ learning experience. In addition, the exercise problems provided can be used in teaching courses.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Acknowledgements
Features
Organization of Book
Aids for Instructors
Contents
1 Analysis of Electrical Power
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Instantaneous Power
1.3 Average Power and Reactive Power
1.4 Apparent Power
1.5 Complex Power
1.6 Complex Power Balance
1.7 Power Factor and Reactive Power
1.8 Power Factor Correction
1.9 Three-Phase Voltage Generation
1.10 Phase Sequence
1.11 Wye Connection
1.12 Analysis for Wye Connection
1.13 Delta Connection
1.14 Analysis for Delta Connection
1.15 Analysis for Three-Phase Power
1.16 Basic Measuring Equipment
References
Exercise Problems
2 Transformer: Principles and Practices
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Working Principle of Transformer
2.3 Flux in a Transformer
2.4 Ideal Transformer
2.5 EMF Equation of Transformer
2.6 Turns Ratio of Transformer
2.7 Rules for Referring Impedance
2.8 Equivalent Circuit of a Transformer
2.8.1 Exact Equivalent Circuit
2.8.2 Approximate Equivalent Circuit
2.9 Polarity of a Transformer
2.10 Three-Phase Transformer
2.11 Transformer Vector Group
2.12 Voltage Regulation of a Transformer
2.13 Efficiency of a Transformer
2.14 Iron and Copper Losses
2.15 Condition for Maximum Efficiency
2.16 Transformer Tests
2.16.1 Open Circuit Test
2.16.2 Short Circuit Test
2.17 Autotransformer
2.18 Parallel Operation of a Single-Phase Transformer
2.19 Three-Phase Transformer Connections
2.19.1 Wye-Wye Connection
2.19.2 Wye-Delta Connection
2.19.3 Delta-Wye Connection
2.19.4 Delta-Delta Connection
2.20 Instrument Transformers
2.21 Transformer Oil Testing
2.22 Standard Symbols and Reactance Diagram
2.23 Per Unit System
2.23.1 Single-Phase System
2.23.2 Three-Phase System
References
Exercise Problems
3 Power Generation
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Power Station
3.3 Steam Power Station
3.4 Hydro Power Station
3.5 Gross and Net Heads
3.6 Efficiency
3.7 Pelton Wheel
3.8 Velocity Triangle
3.9 Hydraulic Efficiency
3.10 Diesel Power Station
3.11 Nuclear Power Station
3.12 Variable Load and Different Factors
3.13 Different Terms and Factors of Power Station
3.14 AC Power Supply System
3.15 Secondary Distributions and Connections
3.16 Tariff
3.16.1 Classification of Tariff
References
Exercise Problems
4 Transmission Line Parameters and Analysis
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Ampere’s Circuital Law
4.3 Line Resistance and Conductance
4.4 Internal Inductance
4.5 External Inductance
4.6 Concept of GMD and GMR
4.7 Inductance of a Single-Phase Line
4.8 Self- and Mutual Inductance
4.9 Inductance of Three-Phase Lines
4.9.1 Symmetrical Spacing Conductors
4.9.2 Unsymmetrical Spacing Conductors
4.10 Transposition of Conductors
4.11 Bundled Conductors
4.12 Line Capacitance
4.13 Capacitance of Single-Phase Line
4.14 Capacitance of Three-Phase Lines
4.14.1 Capacitance of Three-Phase Lines with Equal Spacing Conductors
4.14.2 Capacitance of Three-Phase Lines with Unequal Spacing Conductors
4.15 Effect of Earth on Capacitance
4.16 Capacitance of Single Conductor to Earth
4.17 Single-Phase Line Capacitance with Effect of Earth
4.18 Three-Phase Line Capacitance with Effect of Earth
4.19 Effect of Bundling in Capacitance
References
Exercise Problems
5 Modeling and Performance of Transmission Lines
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Classification of Transmission Lines
5.3 Efficiency and Voltage Regulation
5.4 Analysis of Short Transmission Line
5.5 Medium Transmission Line
5.6 Long Transmission Line
5.7 Surge Impedance Loading
5.8 ABCD Parameters and Measurements
5.9 Series Transmission Networks
5.10 Parallel Transmission Networks
5.11 Ferranti Effect
5.12 Ground Wires and Corona Discharge
5.13 Traveling Waves
References
Exercise Problems
6 Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Faults
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Symmetrical Faults
6.3 Calculation of Short Circuit Current and kVA
6.4 Unsymmetrical Faults
6.5 Symmetrical Components
6.6 Representation of Symmetrical Components
6.7 Complex Power in Symmetrical Components
6.8 Sequence Impedance of Power System Equipment
6.9 Zero Sequence Models
6.10 Classification of Unsymmetrical Faults
6.11 Sequence Network of an Unloaded Synchronous Generator
6.12 Single-Line-to-Ground Fault
6.13 Line-to-Line Fault
6.14 Double-Line-to-Ground Fault
References
Exercise Problems
7 Load Flow Analysis
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Classification of Buses
7.3 Power Flow in Two-Bus System
7.4 Load Flow Equations for Two-Bus
7.5 Load Flow Equations for Three-Bus
7.6 Gauss–Seidel Method
7.7 Newton–Raphson Method
7.8 Newton–Raphson Method for Two Nonlinear Equations
7.9 Newton–Raphson Method for Power Flow Cases
7.10 Fast Decoupled Load Flow Method
References
Exercise Problems
8 Underground Cables
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Construction of Cables
8.3 Classification of Cable
8.4 Insulation Resistance of Single-Core Cable
8.5 Electric Stress of a Single-Core Cable
8.6 Economical Size of Conductor
8.7 Grading of Cables
8.7.1 Capacitance Grading
8.7.2 Intersheath Grading
8.8 Cables Heating
8.9 Capacitance of a Cable
8.10 Capacitance of a Three-Core Cable
8.11 Measurement of Capacitance
8.12 Measurement of Insulation Resistance
References
Exercise Problems
9 Power System Stability Analysis
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Pattern of Stability Curves
9.3 Synchronous Machine Dynamics
9.4 Single Machine with Infinite Bus
9.5 Swing Equation
9.6 Steady-State Stability Analysis
9.7 Swing Equation for Multimachine
9.8 Swing Equations of Coherent Machines
9.9 Equal Area Criterion
9.10 Critical Clearing Angle and Time
9.11 Step-by-Step Solution of Swing Equation
9.12 Alternate Solution of Swing Equation
9.12.1 Dominant Root
9.12.2 Extension for a Multimachine System
References
Exercise Problems
10 Power System Harmonics
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Generation of Harmonics
10.3 Single-Phase Circuit with Linear Load
10.4 Single-Phase with Nonlinear Load
10.5 Non-sinusoidal Voltage and Nonlinear Load
10.6 Non-sinusoidal Voltage and Nonlinear Loads Active Power
10.7 Non-sinusoidal Voltage and Nonlinear Loads Reactive Power
10.8 Non-sinusoidal Voltage and Nonlinear Loads Apparent Power
10.9 Modeling Concept of Load
10.10 Resistive Load Modeling
10.11 Modeling of Induction Motor Load
10.12 Harmonic Simulation
10.13 Power Quality Parameters and Measurement
References
Exercise Problems
11 Overhead Line Insulators and Sags
11.1 Introduction
11.2 String Efficiency of Suspension Insulators
11.3 Equalization of Voltage Distributions
11.4 Transmission Lines Sag
11.5 Sag Calculation with Equal Supports
11.6 Sag Calculation with Unequal Supports
11.7 Sag Calculation with the Effect of Ice and Wind
References
Exercise Problems
Appendix Answers to Practice and Exercise Problems
Index