Formalizing Natural Languages: Applications to Natural Language Processing and Digital Humanities: 15th International Conference, NooJ 2021, Besançon, ... in Computer and Information Science)

✍ Scribed by Magali Bigey (editor), Annabel Richeton (editor), Max Silberztein (editor), Izabella Thomas (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2022
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 251
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book constitutes selected revised papers of the 15th International Conference, NooJ 2021, held in Besançon, France, in June 2021. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the conference was held online.
NooJ is a linguistic development environment that allows linguists to formalize several levels of linguistic phenomena. NooJ provides linguists with tools to develop dictionaries, regular grammars, context-free grammars, context-sensitive grammars and unrestricted grammars as well as their graphical equivalent to formalize each linguistic phenomenon.
The 20 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 62 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topics:​ linguistic formalization and analysis, digital humanities and teaching, natural language processing applications.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
List of Contributors
Linguistic Formalization and Analysis
Tweaking NooJ’s Resources to Export Morpheme-Level or Intra-word Annotations
Abstract
1 Export Function in NooJ
2 Exporting Morpheme Level Annotation: Challenges and Opportunities
3 Tweaking Resources
3.1 About the Experiment
3.2 The Logic Behind the Tweaking
3.3 Implementation
4 Evaluation and Known Issues
5 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Intensive Comparisons of the PECO and PVCO Classes in Old French
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Humans
3 Animals
3.1 Quadrupeds
3.2 Birds
3.3 Fishes
3.4 Snakes and Vermin
4 Vegetables
5 Inanimates
5.1 Countable
5.2 Uncountable
6 Abstracts
7 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Lexicon-Grammar Tables for Modern Arabic Frozen Expressions
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Related Works
3 The Lexicon-Grammar Approach
4 Lexicon-Grammar Tables for Modern Arabic Frozen Expressions
4.1 Overview of the Modern Arabic Frozen Expressions
4.2 Lexicon-Grammar Tables for Modern Arabic Frozen Expressions
5 Implementation
6 Conclusion and Perspectives
References
NooJ Grammars for Italian Negation System and Sentiment Analysis
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Methodological Framework and Linguistic Pragmatic Universals
3 How Negation is Constructed
4 Negation in Italian
4.1 A Remark on Italian Syntactic Negation
5 Negation and Sentiment Analysis
6 NooJ Grammars for Italian Negation System and Sentiment Analysis
7 Conclusions: Further Possible Enhancements
References
Syntactic Analysis of Sentences Containing Arabic Psychological Verbs
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Related Works
3 Syntactic Analysis of Arabic Sentence Containing Psychological Verb
3.1 Simple Sentence Containing Arabic Psychological Verb
3.2 Structure of the Simple Sentence Containing Arabic Psychological Verb
4 Implementation in NooJ
5 Conclusion and Perspectives
References
Formalizing Predicates for Discovery Under the Lexicon Grammar Framework
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Lexicon Grammar
3 Methodology
3.1 Verb Selection
3.2 Lexicon Grammar Tables
3.3 Developing Electronic Dictionaries
3.4 Elaborating Computer-Generated Grammars
4 Results and Conclusions
References
Digital Humanities and Teaching
Who is to Blame for What? An Insight Within the French Yellow Vests’ Movement Through Dole’s Books of Grievances
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 France and Its Sociopolitical Context in 2018: The Yellow Vests’ Movement and the Books of Grievances
2.1 A Brief Introduction to French Yellow Vests’ Movement
2.2 The Characteristics of Dole’s Book of Grievances
3 An Attempt to Model Blaming Someone for Something
3.1 Wanted! Who Are the Culprits?
3.2 What Are the Culprits Responsible for? Looking for a Pattern
3.3 An Attempt to Design the Speech Act of Blame in Dole’s Book of Grievances
4 Conclusion
References
Sensitivity to Fake News: Reception Analysis with NooJ
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Theoretical and Methodological Framework
2.1 Fake News and Media Literacy
2.2 Ethos in Discourse
2.3 Constitution of the Corpus and the Sub-corpus
3 Reception Analysis
3.1 Methodology and Lexicometric Discourse Analysis
3.2 General Analysis of the Corpus
4 Contrastive Analysis of the Corpus
4.1 The Different Postures Integrated by the Students
5 Conclusion
References
Negation Usage in the Croatian Parliament
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Negation in Croatian
3 Corpus Preparations
3.1 Gender-Oriented Corpus
3.2 Party-Oriented Corpus
3.3 Time-Oriented Corpus
4 Grammar
5 Results
6 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Locating Traces of Subjectivity in Diplomatic Discourse: The Example of the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 The NooJ Approach
3 Analyzing the Uses of “Euro-Words”
3.1 Euroscepticisme vs. Anti-Européen
3.2 Eurobéat (“Euro-Blissfully Naïve”) and Europhobie in Centrists’ Speeches
4 Européaniser and Européanisation in Left-Wing Ministers’ Speeches
5 Conclusions
References
Construction of an Educational Game “VocabNooJ”
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Proposed Method
2.1 Identification of Resources
2.2 Building of Resources
2.3 Playing Steps
3 VocabNooJ Experimentation
4 Conclusion
References
Approach to the Automatic Treatment of Gerunds in Spanish and Quechua: A Pedagogical Application
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Project Background
1.2 Why Do We Use NooJ?
2 Considerations About the Quechua Gerunds
2.1 Morphology of the Quechua Gerunds (QU)
3 Considerations About the Spanish Gerunds
3.1 Morphology of the Spanish Gerund
3.2 Syntax of the Spanish Gerunds
4 Conclusion
References
Using NooJ to Formalize French Cooking Expressions
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Purpose of Our Study: Expressions of Cooking Dishes
3 Corpus
4 Lexical Modeling of Data
5 Choice of Extraction Software for Our Study
6 Implementation of Lexical Data in NooJ
7 Identification of Expressions [Nominal Group + à La/à l ’/ Au/aux + nom]
8 Conclusion
References
Natural Language Processing Applications
Paraphrasing Tool Using the NooJ Platform
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Related Works
3 Proposed Method
3.1 The Segmentation
3.2 Rules Identification
3.3 Ressources Identification
3.4 The Paraphrase Step
4 Experimentation and Evaluation
5 Conclusion
References
The Recognition and the Automatic Translation of Dative Verbs
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Creation of a Bilingual French-Arabic Dictionary
3 The Creation of Grammars for the Analysis and Recognition of Syntactic Patterns
4 The Polysemy of Dative Verbs
5 Conclusion
References
From Laws and Decrees to a Legal Dictionary
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Extracting Terms from Texts
3 The Legal Field
4 The Legal Dictionary
4.1 The Constitution of the Legal Corpus
4.2 Extracting the Legal Entities
4.3 Lemmatization of Legal Entities
4.4 Inflectional and Derivational Morphology
4.5 Conceptualization
4.6 The Construction of the Legal Dictionary
5 Experimentation
6 Conclusion
References
Automatic Detection and Generation of Argument Structures Within the Medical Domain
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Background and Theoretical Framework
2.1 Automatic Data Extraction
2.2 Lexicon Grammar
3 Methodology
3.1 Preparation of LG Tables for Medical Domain Predicates
3.2 Construction of Electronic Dictionaries
3.3 Construction of Grammars
4 Results
5 Final Discussion
References
Meaning Extraction from Strappare Causatives in Italian
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Participants and Cognate Semantic Roles
3 Suppletion: N1 Has no Verbal Counterpart
4 N1 is a Number
5 Inversion
6 Conclusion
References
Terms and Appositions: What Unstructured Texts Tell Us
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Methodology
4 Experiment
5 Results and Evaluation
6 Conclusions and Future Work
Acknowledgments
References
Automatic Generation of Intonation Marks and Prosodic Segmentation for Belarusian NooJ Module
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Types of Syntagmas in the Belarusian Language
3 An Algorithm for Dividing Texts into Syntagmas
4 Formal Rules for Extracting Semantic Grammars
5 Application of Formal Grammars in NooJ
6 Conclusion
References
Author Index