Forest Ecosystems, 3rd edition

✍ Scribed by Richard H. Waring, Steven W. Running

• Year: 2007
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 467
• Edition: 3
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This revision maintains the position of Forest Ecosystems as the one source for the latest information on the advanced methods that have enhanced our understating of forest ecosystems. Further understanding is given to techniques to explore the changes in climatic cycles, the implications of wide-scale pollution, fire and other ecological disturbances that have a global effect. The inclusion of models, equations, graphs, and tabular examples provides readers with a full understanding of the methods and techniques. * Includes a revised section on important advances in regional scale analyses * Features an update to global scale analyses including revised color images * Provides a detailed comparison of predicted vs. observed tree diversity across 65 eco-regions * New companion website includes modeling software exercises and tutorials and video clips

✦ Table of Contents

Front cover......Page 1
Forest Ecosystems: Analysis at Multiple Scales, Third Edition......Page 4
Copyright page......Page 5
Table of Contents......Page 8
PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION......Page 12
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION......Page 14
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION......Page 16
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 18
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 22
II. THE SCIENTIFIC DOMAIN OF FOREST ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS......Page 23
III. THE SPACE/TIME DOMAIN OF ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS......Page 25
IV. TIME AND SPACE SCALING FROM THE STAND/SEASONAL LEVEL......Page 31
V. MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS OF ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS......Page 35
VII. WEB SITE FOR UPDATED MATERIALS......Page 37
SECTION I: Introduction to Analysis of Seasonal Cycles of Water, Carbon, and Minerals through Forest Stands......Page 38
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 40
II. HEAT AND WATER VAPOR TRANSFER FROM VEGETATION......Page 42
III. WATER FLOW THROUGH TREES......Page 55
IV. WATER STORAGE AND LOSSES FROM SNOW......Page 67
V. WATER FLOW ACROSS AND THROUGH SOIL......Page 71
VI. COUPLED WATER BALANCE MODELS......Page 73
VII. SUMMARY......Page 78
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 80
II. PHOTOSYNTHESIS......Page 83
III. AUTOTROPHIC RESPIRATION......Page 88
IV. HETEROTROPHIC RESPIRATION......Page 92
V. MODELING PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION......Page 97
VI. NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION AND ALLOCATION......Page 103
VII. COMPARISON OF FOREST ECOSYSTEM MODELS......Page 117
VIII. SUMMARY......Page 119
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 120
II. PLANT PROCESSES AFFECTING NUTRIENT CYCLING......Page 121
III. SOURCES OF NUTRIENTS......Page 132
IV. SOIL AND LITTER PROCESSES......Page 140
V. MASS BALANCE AND MODELS OF MINERAL CYCLES......Page 159
VI. SUMMARY......Page 165
SECTION II: Introduction to Temporal Scaling......Page 166
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 170
II. STRUCTURAL STAGES IN STAND DEVELOPMENT......Page 172
III. FUNCTIONAL RESPONSES OF STANDS AT DIFFERENT STAGES IN DEVELOPMENT......Page 180
IV. LOOKING BACK IN TIME......Page 183
V. ECOSYSTEM MODELS, PROJECTIONS FORWARD IN TIME......Page 189
VI. SUMMARY......Page 201
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 204
II. BIOTIC FACTORS......Page 205
III. ABIOTIC FACTORS......Page 224
IV. SUMMARY......Page 239
COLOR PLATE......Page 242
SECTION III: Introduction to Spatial Scaling and Spatial/Temporal Modeling......Page 244
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 248
II. ABIOTIC SITE VARIABLES......Page 254
III. PROVIDING THE DRIVING VARIABLES, CLIMATOLOGY......Page 259
IV. DESCRIBING THE ECOSYSTEM......Page 266
V. SPATIALLY EXPLICIT LANDSCAPE PATTERN ANALYSIS......Page 280
VII. SUMMARY......Page 282
COLOR PLATE......Page 284
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 288
II. HORIZONTAL CONNECTIONS: BIOTIC ANALYSIS OF FOREST PATTERNS......Page 289
COLOR PLATE......Page 296
III. VERTICAL CONNECTIONS: FOREST–ATMOSPHERE INTERACTIONS......Page 307
IV. VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL CONNECTIONS: REGIONAL BIOGEOCHEMISTRY......Page 309
V. SUMMARY......Page 323
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 326
II. GLOBAL FOREST DISTRIBUTION......Page 327
III. FOREST–CLIMATE INTERACTIONS......Page 335
IV. FORESTS IN THE GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE......Page 338
V. FORESTS AND BIODIVERSITY......Page 345
VI. SUSTAINABILITY OF GLOBAL FORESTS......Page 349
VII. SUMMARY......Page 350
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 352
II. EDDY-COVARIANCE FLUXES......Page 353
III. NEW REMOTE SENSING OF FORESTS......Page 363
IV. CLIMATE CHANGE AND FORESTS......Page 374
EPILOGUE......Page 380
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 382
INDEX......Page 444
COLOR PLATE......Page 456