Folic acid and folates: the feasibility for nutritional enhancement in plant foods

✍ Scribed by Scott, John; R�beill�, Fabrice; Fletcher, John

• Publisher: John Wiley and Sons
• Year: 2000
• Tongue: English
• Weight: 402 KB
• Volume: 80
• Category: Article
• ISSN: 0022-5142
• DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0010(20000515)80:7<795::aid-jsfa599>3.0.co;2-k

✦ Synopsis

In mammalian and plant cells the folates play a key role in the methylation cycle and in the DNA biosynthesis cycle (in the de novo biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines). De®ciency of folate in the diet is likely to result in a reduction in the capacity to synthesise DNA and maintain the usual rate of cell division. This most evidently results in the production of anaemia from folate de®ciency due to a reduction in the biosynthesis of cells in the bone marrow. In addition it has been shown that high levels of plasma homocysteine occur which is an important risk factor in cardiovascular disease. Furthermore it has been shown that reduced maternal folate status is associated with the progressive increase in neural tube defects in infants. There is good evidence for folate de®ciency in a considerable number of the population in developed countries, even where folate supplementation of foods is practised, and for a level of intake in excess of the recommended dietary allowance. This paper reviews the principal routes of folate biosynthesis in plants and the potential for increasing the levels of natural folates through conventional plant breeding and biotechnological means. The effect of the major food preservation processes on the levels of folates in plants is also reviewed. The current information about the bioavailability of folates from plant food sources, and how this might be improved, is also summarised. The important health bene®ts that would arise from increasing folate intake in the diet provide a strong incentive for considering how this might be achieved.