Fluidization

✍ Scribed by C. E. Jahnig, D. L. Campbell, H. Z. Martin (auth.), John R. Grace, John M. Matsen (eds.)

• Publisher: Springer US
• Year: 1980
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 611
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Fluidized beds have gained prominence in many process in­ dustries (including chemicals, petroleum, metallurgy, food and pharmaceuticals) as a means of bringing particulate solids into contact with gases and/or liquids. Many fluidized bed operations are physical in nature (e.g. drying, coating, classification, granulation, and rapid heat transfer as in quenching or annealing). Other operations involve chemical reactions including the cata­ lytic cracking of hydrocarbons, the manufacture of acry10nitrite and phthalic anhydride, the roasting of metallurgical ores, and the regeneration of spent catalysts. In recent years fluidized beds have been of special interest because of their potential as the central component in new processes for utilizing coal as a source of energy, notably in coal combustion and gasification processes. The fluidized bed offers a number of advantages over most other methods of contacting, in particular high rates of heat transfer, temperature uniformity and solids mobility. Among the disadvantages are particle losses by entrainment, attrition of solids, limited reactor efficiency due to gas bypassing and gas and solids backmixing, and difficulties in design and scale-up due to the complexity of fluidized beds. The International Fluidization Conference held in Henniker, New Hampshire, U.S.A. from 3-8 August 1980 was the fifth inter­ national congress devoted to the entire field of fluidization.

✦ Table of Contents

Front Matter....Pages i-xviii
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
History of Fluidized Solids Development at Exxon....Pages 3-24
The Ups and Downs of Gas-Solid Flow - A Review....Pages 25-68
Mixing Patterns in Large-Scale Fluidized Beds....Pages 69-89
Front Matter....Pages 91-91
Fluid-Bed Behaviour at Elevated Temperatures....Pages 93-100
The Bubble Phase in High-Pressure Fluidised Beds....Pages 101-108
The Stability of the Propagation of Sharp Voidage Fronts in Liquid Fluidized Beds....Pages 109-116
The Effect of Some Unsteady Motions on Gas Flow Patterns around a Fluidization Bubble....Pages 117-124
Prediction of Bubble Growth in Bubble Chains....Pages 125-134
Mechanistic Prediction of Bubble Properties in Freely-Bubbling Fluidised Beds....Pages 135-142
Fluidized Combustion of Oil Shale....Pages 143-150
Fluidized Combustion of Coal Washery Wastes....Pages 151-158
Combustion of Volatile Matter in Fluidized Beds....Pages 159-166
An Experimental Study of Mechanism of Combustion of Carbon in Shallow Fluidized Beds....Pages 167-174
NO x Emission Control by a Staged Fluidized Bed Combustor of Coal....Pages 175-183
Fluidized Coal Combustion: The Effect of Sorbent and Coal Feed Particle Size Upon the Combustion Efficiency and NO x Emission....Pages 185-194
Heat Transfer of Single Horizontal Finned Tubes and Their Bundles in a Fluidized Bed of Large Particles....Pages 195-200
Heat Transfer in a Fluidized Bed at High Pressure....Pages 201-207
Surface-Bed Heat Transfer in a Fluidised Bed at High Pressure....Pages 209-216
Influence of Hydrodynamics on Heat Transfer in Fluidized Beds....Pages 217-224
A Model for Heat Transfer to Horizontal Tubes Immersed in a Fluidized Bed of Large Particles....Pages 225-234
Front Matter....Pages 91-91
Heat Transfer to Horizontal Tube Banks in the Splash Zone of a Fluidized Bed of Large Particles....Pages 235-242
Heat Transfer between Solids and Gas in a Multistaged Fluidized Bed....Pages 243-251
Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer Performance of Turbulent Contact Absorbers....Pages 253-260
Gas-Liquid Mass Transfer in a Three-Phase Fluidized Bed....Pages 261-269
Spout Formation and Collapse in Rough and Smooth Walled Beds....Pages 271-278
Particle Segregation in Continuously Operating Spouted Beds....Pages 279-286
General Relationships for the Minimum Spouting Pressure Drop Ratio, ΔP mS /ΔP mF , and the Spout-Annular Interfacial Condition in a Spouted Bed....Pages 287-296
The Dispersion of Axi-Symmetric Gas Jets in Fluidized Beds....Pages 297-304
Momentum Dissipation of and Gas Entrainment into a Gas-Solid Two-Phase Jet in a Fluidized Bed....Pages 305-314
The Effect of Pressure on Jet Penetration in Semi-Cylindrical Gas-Fluidized Beds....Pages 315-324
The Mixing of Tracer Gas in Fluidized Beds of Large Particles....Pages 325-332
Gas Backmixing in 0.61m and 1.22m Square Fluidized Beds....Pages 333-340
Axial Mixing and Mass Transfer in a Zig-Zag Contactor....Pages 341-348
Particle Distribution and Mixing in a Centrifugal Fluidized Bed....Pages 349-356
Movement of Solid Particles Around Bubbles in a Three-Dimensional Fluidized Bed at High Temperatures....Pages 357-364
A Study of Particle Movement in a Gas-Fluidized Bed....Pages 365-372
The Effect of Shape on the Mixing and Segregation of Large Particles in a Gas-Fluidised Bed of Small Ones....Pages 373-380
Mechanism of Solid Segregation in Gas Fluidised Beds....Pages 381-388
Mechanism of Particle Mixing and Segregation in Gas Fluidized Beds....Pages 389-396
The Behaviour of a Multicomponent Granular Material in a Continuous Fluidized Bed Classifier....Pages 397-404
Front Matter....Pages 91-91
Particle Mixing near the Grid Region of Fluidized Beds....Pages 405-412
Grid Leakage (Weeping, Dumping, Particle Backflow)in Gas Fluidized Beds: The Effect of Bed Height, Grid Thickness, Wave Breakers, Cone-Shaped Grid Holes and Pressure Drop Fluctuations....Pages 413-420
The Behaviour of Jets and Particles near the Gas Distributor Grid in a Three-Dimensional Fluidized Bed....Pages 421-428
Cold-Model Studies of Agglomerating Gasifier Discharge Behavior....Pages 429-436
Particle Attrition in Fluid-Bed Processes....Pages 437-444
A Model for Attrition in Fluidized Beds....Pages 445-452
The Effect of Fines on the Behaviour of Gas Fluidized Beds of Small Particles....Pages 453-460
Powder Flow from an Aerated Hopper....Pages 461-468
The Stability of Vertical Gas-Solid Downflow in Bottom-Restrained Standpipes....Pages 469-476
Flow Regimes in a One-Dimensional Model of a Standpipe....Pages 477-484
Pneumatically Controlled Multi-Stage Fluidized Beds....Pages 485-492
Cocurrent Gas/Solids Downflow in Vertical Cat Cracker Standpipes....Pages 493-500
Particle Entrainment from Bubbling Fluidized Beds....Pages 501-508
Elutriation and Particle Transport Through the Freeboard of a Gas-Solid Fluidized Bed....Pages 509-518
Simultaneous Solids Entrainment and De-Entrainment above a Three-Phase Fluidized Bed....Pages 519-528
Potential Improvements in the Field of Large Particle Fluidization....Pages 529-536
The Dynamics of Fast Fluidization....Pages 537-544
The Structure of a 15 cm Diameter Gas Fluidised Bed Operated at up to 1 m/s and Seen by X-rays....Pages 545-553
The Thermal Regeneration of Spent Activated Carbon by a Packed Fluidized Bed....Pages 555-562
Ignition of a Fluidized Bed Catalytic Cracking Regenerator: Freeboard Region Influence....Pages 563-570
Front Matter....Pages 91-91
Experimental Determinations of the Vertical Distribution of Contact Efficiency Inside a Fluidized Catalyst Bed....Pages 571-580
An Experimental Test of Slugging-Bed Reactor Models....Pages 581-588
Criteria for Temperature Multiplicity in Fluidized Bed Reactors....Pages 589-597
Back Matter....Pages 599-605

✦ Subjects

Characterization and Evaluation of Materials