Fighting for a Closed Shop: The 1931 Lima Bakery Workers Strike I thank the ESRC and the Leverhulme Trust for financial support. Special thanks go to Luis Tejada, who first drew my attention to FOPEPs minute books, and the staff of the CEDOC at the Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Per, the Archivo General de la Nacin and the Biblioteca Nacional. I am grateful to Peter F. Klarn, Steven J. Hirsch, Alan Knight, Nikolas Kozloff, Rory Miller, David S. Parker, Lewis Taylor and to the two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions. The usual caveats apply.