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FemTech: Intersectional Interventions in Women’s Digital Health

✍ Scribed by Lindsay Anne Balfour (editor)


Publisher
Palgrave Macmillan
Year
2023
Tongue
English
Leaves
339
Category
Library

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✦ Synopsis


This edited collection draws from cultural studies and Feminist Science and Technology Studies to offer a timely and exciting intervention into the growing field of women’s digital health. It explores the intersection of gender and embodied computing, with particular attention to access barriers and the forms of biometric surveillance that operate in wearables, ingestibles, and embeddables marketed to women (the industry generally known as “FemTech”). While the most utilized and profitable FemTech products include ovulation and fitness trackers, reproductive technologies, contraceptive microchips, and “smart” pills, this only represents a fraction of health concerns affecting women.

This volume aims to explore FemTech within the context of Feminist Science and Technology Studies, whereby the entanglements of race, class, gender, ability, sexuality and other social and cultural identities are brought to the fore. By addressing the gaps in FemTech research and socio-cultural barriers to access, this volume critiques the forms of knowledge and experience produced through medical and cultural discourses regarding women’s bodies to both highlight the inequalities in women’s digital health, and imagine alternative models which optimise technology for women in a way that is safe, accessible, and inclusive.

✦ Table of Contents


Acknowledgement
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
1: Introduction: Who Is FemTech For?
Landscapes of Investment and Surveillance
Intersectionality and Access
FemTech and Science and Technology Studies
Part I Theories and Contexts: “Constructing a Critical FemTech Discourse”
Part II Materialities and Case studies: “FemTech at the Margins”
Part III Challenges Still to (Over)come: “Technoselves and Data Sovereignty”
References
Part I: Constructing a Critical FemTech Discourse
2: Hysteria Under Watch: Biological Essentialism and Surveillance in Menstrual Tracking Applications
Surveillance, Intersectionality, and Hysteria
Hystories of PMS
Foucault and Menstrual Stigma in “Stardust Period Tracker”
Biopower, Biopolitics, and Panoptical Figures
Conclusion: Menstrual-Tracking Apps and Biological Essentialism
References
3: Reinventing the Beauty Myth? FemTech’s Cost to the Consumer
Introduction
The Beauty Myth
Influencer Advertising and Natural Cycles
Economic Marginalisation and Menstrual Capitalism
Self-surveillance, Data Privacy, and Workplace Health Insurance
Conclusion
References
4: Fertile Becoming: Reproductive Temporalities with/in Tracking Technologies
Introduction
Reproductive Temporalities
Making and Understanding Temporalities Within MFTAs
Collective Practices of Becoming Fertile
Temporal and Bodily Pluralities
Ecologies of Becoming Fertile
Conclusion
References
Part II: FemTech at the Margins
5: One Size (Doesn’t) Fit All: A Closer Look at FemTech Apps and Datafied Reproductive Body Projects in India
Introduction
Methods and Data
Appeal of Datafied Body Projects
Heightened Awareness and Self-optimisation
Reducing Uncertainties and Risk?
FemTech Apps Reproducing Dominant Social Inequalities
Reflection of Gendered Underpinnings
Reflections of Class Imaginaries
Reflections of Religious Undertones
Reflections on Normative Femininity and the Fecund/Fertile Body
Datafied Body Insecurities
Conclusion
References
6: Providing Care When There Is No Cure: How FemTech Can Help Destigmatize Autoimmune Diseases
“Alopecia is Trending!”
7: The Insta-Trainer: A Study of How Instagram Is Used as a Biopedagogical Tool for Health and Wellbeing Among Young Women in Qatar
Introduction
Background
Biopedagogical Relations Between Apps and Platforms: A Case Study
The Curated Digital Manuals
The Post-pandemic Conscious Qatari Users
Conclusion and Beyond
References
8: Hoop Dreams or Hoop Nightmares: Athletics, Fitness Tracking, and the Surveillance of the Black Body
Introduction
Defining Surveillance
Review of Literature
Race and Gendered Frames of Labor Capital
Intersectionality
Historical Studies of Surveillance
Intersectional Surveillance in Fitness Tracking Apps and Devices
Surveillance in Sport—Current Conversations
Sites of Surveillance wWithin Women’s Basketball
Ethics of Biometric Technologies
Resistance
References
9: FemTech and Taboo Topics: Raaji as a Tool for Educating Women in Pakistan
Introduction
Digital Interventions for Women’s Empowerment and Health in Pakistan
Raaji: An Overview
A Walkthrough of Raaji
Affordances and Limitations of Raaji
Glocalizability
Connectivity
Accessibility
Multimodality
Interactivity
Conclusion
References
10: FemTech in (and for) Emerging Markets: Disruption in Kenya’s “Silicon Savannah” Nairobi
Introduction: FemTech, “a Really Good Market”?
The Emergence of “Silicon Savannah”
FemTech and the Rhetoric of Disruption in Kenya
Conclusion: FemTech in (and for) Emerging Markets
References
Part III: FemTech to (Over)come: “New Methods, Technoselves and Data Sovereignty”
11: Wearing Danger: Surveillance, Control, and Quantified Healthism in American Medicine
Introduction: A Story of Electronic Medical Records and Inequality
From Bedside to Lab to Everywhere All at Once: Medical Transformations in the Twentieth Century
Reduction and Responsibility: Calculating Embodiment
Becoming Profitable Data: New Identities Through Quantified Healthism
Biomedical Luddites? Resisting Technological Transformations Through Noncompliance
References
12: Between Liberation and Control: Mixing Methods to Investigate How Users Experience Menstrual Cycle Tracking Applications
Introduction
The Datafication of Menstruation
Biomedicalization and Technologies of the Self
Self-Surveillance and the Male Gaze
Dataveillance and Privacy
Methodology
Research Design
Sample
Automated Analyses
Focus Groups
Results
Automated Content Analysis on Reddit
Thematic Analysis in Focus Groups
Quantification and Cycle Tracking
Normative Design and Annoyance
Feelings of Liberation
Feelings of Bodily Alienation
Discussion
Conclusion
References
13: Using and Interpreting FemTech Data: (Self-)Knowledge, Empowerment, and Sovereignty
Introduction
FemTech and Its Critics
Bodily Self-Knowledge and Control Through Datafication
FemTech Knowledge and the Limitations of Data Sovereignty
Conclusion
References
14: Conclusion: Can the “Fempire” Strike Back?
Science and Technology Studies as Critical FemTech Intervention
Future Challenges and Directions for Research
Why Intersectionality? Why Now?
References
Index


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