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Fate of Endosulfan in Cotton Soil under Sub-tropical Conditions of Northern India

✍ Scribed by Kathpal, Trilochan S.; Singh, Attar; Dhankhar, Jagbir S.; Singh, Gulab

Publisher
John Wiley and Sons
Year
1997
Tongue
English
Weight
248 KB
Volume
50
Category
Article
ISSN
1526-498X

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✦ Synopsis

Terrestrial Ðeld studies were conducted with endosulfan during the 1989È90 Kharif season in bare cotton soil, to investigate the fate of endosulfan and its downward movement under sub-tropical conditions of northern India. Field experiments consisted of spray application of endosulfan at 875 g ha~1 42 and 63 days after the assumed date of sowing in two separate treatments. Soil samples drawn periodically from di †erent depths were analysed by GC-ECD (Ni63) for endosulfan and its breakdown products.

Dissipation of the total endosulfan residues occurred to an extent of 92È97% in the Ðrst four-week period and by about 99% in 238 days in two distinct phases in Ðrst-order kinetics. Residue half life varied from 39 to 42 days. The (T 1@2 ) parent compound metabolized to endosulfan-diol and endosulfan sulfate. Endosulfan-diol remained conÐned in the upper 5-cm layer and dissipated completely in 28 days whereas endosulfan sulfate was Ðrst detectable seven days after treatment and persisted until the end of the experiment, remaining conÐned in the upper 0È10 cm soil layer. The b-isomer also did not leach down beyond 10 cm depth.

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