Cultural conditions affecting lignin degradation by
Phanerochaete chrysosporium in various lignocellulosic materials were studied in comparison to an isolated lignin preparation. With shallow mycelial cultures, the degradation of lignin in wood proceeded more slowly in a 100 % 02atmosphere than in an air atmosphere, indicating that pure oxygen was toxic to the fungus. The organism was able to degrade lignin efficiently even under 30 % CO 2 and 10 % 02 concentrations. Evolution of 14CO 2 from labelled lignocellulosic materials was shown not to be representative of total lignin degradation. Addition of glucose to the culture did not affect lignin degradation measured by 14CO 2 evolution, whereas lignin degradation measured by Klason lignin method stopped completely (poplar) or slowed considerably (straw). Due to partial depolymerization of lignin to soluble products, measuring only the evolution of 14CO 2 results in an underestimation of the total amount of lignin bioaltered. The soluble products from all of the tested lignocellulosic materials and from the isolated lignin had an average molecular weight of about 1,000 and the products could be further fractionated by ion exchange chromatography. The relative amount of these products could be varied from 15 to 45 % from the original lignin.