Fabrication of Polyimide-Blend Thin Films Containing Uniformly Oriented Silver Nanorods and Their Use as Flexible, Linear Polarizers
✍ Scribed by S. Matsuda; Y. Yasuda; S. Ando
- Publisher
- John Wiley and Sons
- Year
- 2005
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 256 KB
- Volume
- 17
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0935-9648
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✦ Synopsis
All chemicals, calcium chloride, ammonium carbonate (Aldrich), and phytic acid (Aldrich, molecular weight = 660 g mol ±1 ) were of analytical grade and were used without further purification. All the glassware (glass bottle and small pieces of glass substrate) was cleaned and sonicated in ethanol for 5 min. It was then rinsed with distilled water and further soaked in a H 2 O/HNO 3 (65 %)/H 2 O 2 (1:1:1, v/v/v) solution, and then rinsed with doubly distilled water, and finally dried in air with acetone.
A stock aqueous solution of CaCl 2 (0.01 M) was freshly prepared in boiled doubly distilled water and bubbled with N 2 for one hour before use. The precipitation of CaCO 3 was carried out in a closed desiccator at room temperature. Firstly, 80 mg of phytic acid was added to 80 mL of 0.01 M CaCl 2 under vigorous stirring to ensure complete additive dissolution to obtain a 0.01 M CaCl 2 solution containing 1 g L ±1 of additive. The initial pH was about 3.0. Equal volumes of the CaCl 2 solution (20 mL) were then added into 25 mL glass bottles. The bottles were covered with Parafilm punched with three needle holes and placed in a desiccator. Finally, a glass bottle (10 mL) of crushed ammonium carbonate was also covered with Parafilm punched with three needle holes and was put in the bottom of the desiccator. After different periods of time, one glass bottle was taken out, and the precipitate was rinsed with doubly distilled water and ethanol and allowed to dry at room temperature.
Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were recorded on a PDS 120 diffractometer (Nonius GmbH, Solingen) with Cu Ka radiation (k = 1.542 ). Thermogravimetric analysis was carried out under a stream of nitrogen at a heating rate of 10 C min ±1 using a Netzsch TGA-209. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis of the sample in a crimped aluminum crucible was carried out up to a temperature of 800 C using a Netzsch DSC-204 under a stream of nitrogen at a heating rate of 10 C min ±1 . SEM images were obtained with a JEOL JEM-6330F microscope operating at 15 kV. TEM images were obtained on a Zeiss EM 912 X microscope operated at 200 kV. The samples were embedded in epoxy resin and ultramicrotomed for the TEM measurements.