front-matter
Chapter 1
1 Next Generation Relativistic Models
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Low-Energy E.ective Theories of QCD
1.2.1 Renormalization Group and NN Potential
1.2.2 E.ective Field Theory Ingredients
1.3 Relativistic versus Nonrelativistic EFT for Nuclei
1.3.1 Historical Perspective: Relativistic Hartree Approximation
1.3.2 Power Counting Lost / Power Counting Regained
1.3.3 E.ective Action and the No-Sea Approximation
1.4 Toward More Systematic Energy Functionals
1.4.1 Power Counting and the Symmetry Energy
1.4.2 Guidance from DFT for Solid-State or Molecular Systems
1.4.3 DFT in E.ective Field Theory Form
1.5 Building the Next Generation Theories
Chapter 2
2 Covariant E.ective Field Theory for Nuclear Structure and Nuclear Currents
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Why Use Hadrons?
2.1.2 Why Use the Dirac Equation?
2.1.3 Quantum Hadrodynamics (QHD)
2.2 E.ective Field Theory
2.3 Density Functional Theory
2.4 Naive Dimensional Analysis
2.5 Mean-Field Theory of Nuclear Structure
2.6 Analysis of Mean-Field-Theory Parameters
2.7 Weak Nuclear Currents
2.8 Summary
Chapter 3
3 Exploring the Nucleus in the Context of Low-Energy QCD
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Low-Energy QCD
3.2.1 Chiral Symmetry
3.2.2 Spontaneous Chiral Symmetry Breaking
3.2.3 The Chiral Condensate
3.2.4 The Nucleon Mass and the Gap in the Hadron Spectrum
3.2.5 Chiral E.ective Field Theory
3.2.6 E.ective Lagrangian Including Baryons
3.2.7 Chiral Thermodynamics
3.3 Chiral Dynamics and the Nuclear Many Body Problem
3.3.1 Nuclear Matter, Part I
3.3.2 In-Medium Chiral Perturbation Theory
3.3.3 Nuclear Matter Equation of State
3.3.4 Asymmetry Energy
3.3.5 Nuclear Mean Field from Chiral Dynamics
3.3.6 Intermediate Summary and a Working Hypothesis
3.4 Relativistic Nuclear Model Constrained by QCD and Chiral Symmetry
3.4.1 Point-Coupling Model: Density Dependent Contact Interactions
3.4.2 Nuclear Matter, Part II
3.4.3 QCD Constraints
3.4.4 Nuclear Matter, Part III
3.4.5 Comparison with Dirac-Brueckner G-Matrix Theory
3.4.6 Intermediate Summary and Discussion
3.5 Finite Nuclei
3.5.1 Ground State Energy
3.5.2 Surface (Derivative) Terms
3.5.3 Single-Particle Energies
3.5.4 Systematics of Binding Energies and Charge Radii
3.5.5 Density Distributions
3.6 Concluding Remarks and Outlook
Chapter 4
4.3 The Nuclear Self-Energy
4 The Relativistic Dirac-Brueckner Approach to Nuclear Matter
4.1 Introduction
4.2 The Relativistic Brueckner Approach
4.2.1 The Coupled Set of Equations
4.2.2 The In-Medium T-Matrix
4.3 The Nuclear Self-Energy
4.3.1 Covariant Representation of the T-Matrix
4.3.2 Covariant Representations of the Subtracted T-Matrix
4.4 Nuclear Matter
4.4.1 The Equation-of-State
4.4.2 The Role of Correlations
4.4.3 Role of the Pauli Operator
4.5 Relativistic versus Non-relativistic BHF
4.5.1 Continuous Choice versus Gap Choice
4.5.2 Dirac E.ects and Quenching of the Tensor Forces
4.5.3 Resonance Degrees of Freedom and Three-Body Forces
4.6 Summary
Chapter 5
5 Density Dependent Relativistic Field Theory
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Elements of a Field Theory for Hadronic Matter
5.2.1 Meson Exchange Interactions
5.2.2 Interactions in In.nite Nuclear Matter
5.2.3 Scales and Structures of In-Medium Vertices
5.2.4 Vertex Structure of Free Space NN Interactions
5.2.5 Remarks on Practical Calculations
5.2.6 DDRH Coupling Constants in Mean-Field Approximation
5.3 DDRH Theory
5.3.1 Lagrangian Approach to a Density Dependent Field Theory
5.3.2 Covariant Field Theory with Density Dependent Vertices
5.3.3 Relativistic Mean-Field Approximation
5.4 In.nite Nuclear Matter and Neutron Stars
5.4 In.nite Nuclear Matter and Neutron Stars
5.4.1 Symmetric and Asymmetric Nuclear Matter
5.4.2 Neutron Star Matter and Neutron Stars
5.5 DDRH Results for Nuclei
5.6 Summary
Chapter 6
6 Covariant Density Functional Theory and Applications to Finite Nuclei
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Density Functional Theory
6.3 Covariant Density Functional Theory
6.4 Pairing and Relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov Theory
6.5 Symmetry Conserving Density Functional Theory
6.6 Density Functional Theory in the Rotating Frame
6.6.1 Superdeformed Rotational Bands in the Dy Region
6.6.2 Superdeformed Rotational Bands in the Hg Region
6.6.3 Moments of Inertia at the Ground State
6.7 Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory
6.7.1 Relativistic Random Phase Approximation
6.7.2 Relativistic Quasi-Particle RPA
6.8 Conclusions and Outlook
Chapter 7
7 Symmetry in the Relativistic Mean Field Approximation 12
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Symmetries of the Dirac Hamiltonian
7.2.1 Spin Symmetry
7.2.2 Pseudo-Spin Symmetry
7.3 Test for Pseudo-Spin Symmetry
7.3.1 Spherical Nuclei
7.3.2 Test of Realistic Eigenfunctions with Spherical Symmetry
7.3.3 Pseudo-Spin Symmetry for Axially Deformed Nuclei
7.3.4 Test of Realistic Eigenfunctions with Axial Symmetry
7.4 Magnetic Dipole and Gamow-Teller Transitions
7.5 Nucleon-Nucleus Scattering
7.6 QCD Sum Rules
7.7 Anti-nucleon Spectrum
7.8 Relativistic Harmonic Oscillator with Spin Symmetry
7.8.1 Eigenfunctions
7.8.2 Energy Eigenvalues
7.9 Future - Beyond the Mean Field
Chapter 8
8 Vacuum, Matter, and Antimatter
Chapter 9
9 Mean Field: Relativistic versus Non-relativistic
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Formalities
9.3 Basic Features
9.4 Isovector Properties
9.5 Results for Superheavy Elements
Chapter 10
10 Angular Momentum Projection and Quadrupole Correlations E.ects in Atomic Nuclei
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Symmetry Breaking Mean Field
10.3 Angular Momentum Projection
10.3.1 The Projector Operator
10.3.2 The Projected Energy
10.3.3 How to Deal with the Density Dependent Term of the Interactions
10.3.4 Transition Probabilities and Spectroscopic Factors
10.3.5 Variation Before and After Projection
10.3.6 An Approximate Evaluation of the Projected Energies: The Strong Deformation Limit, the Kamlah Expansion and the Like
10.4 Con.guration Mixing
10.5 Results
Chapter 11
11 Pairing and Continuum E.ects in Exotic Nuclei
11.1 Introduction
11.2 BCS Theory with Particle Continuum
11.3 Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov with Quasiparticle Continuum
11.3.1 HFB Equations in Coordinate Representation
11.3.2 The Treatment of Quasiparticle Continuum: Asymptotic Behaviours
11.3.3 Results for Ni Isotopes
11.4 Pairing with Finite Range
11.5 Continuous Spectra of Deformed Mean-Fields
11.6 QRPA on Top of BCS with the Constant Gap Approximation
11.7 QRPA on Top of HFB with Exact Continuum Treatment
11.8 The Particle-Particle Response and Transfer Reactions
11.9 Outlook: QRPA Calculations for the Next Decade
Chapter 12
12 The Structure of Heavy Nuclei โ from Lead to Superheavy Elements
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 The GSI: Accelerators and Research Program
12.2 The Fragment Separator and Storage Ring Complex
12.2.1 Production and Separation for Relativistic Exotic Nuclei
12.2.2 Storage, Cooling, and Direct Mass Measurements
12.2.3 Some First Results
12.2.4 Decay Studies of Bare Nuclei
12.3 Superheavy Elements
12.3.1 Production of Heavy and Superheavy Nuclei
12.4 Experimental
12.4.1 Ion Sources and Accelerators
12.4.2 In-Flight Separation
12.4.3 Identi.cation of Single Atoms
12.5 A Brief History of Discoveries
12.5.1 Discovery Criteria and Naming
12.6 Properties and Structure of the Heaviest Elements
12.6.1 Gross Properties
12.6.2 Experimental Shell Correction Energies
12.6.3 Predictions from Selfconsistent Models
12.6.4 Fission Barriers
12.6.5 Half-Lives
12.6.6 Future Developments
12.6.7 What Can We Learn from the Lighter Nuclei?
12.7 The Next Generation Facility
back-matter