Two closely related cDNA fragments, named pTC14-1 and pTC14-2, encoding C-type lectins were cloned from the budding ascidian Polyandrocarpa misakiensis by means of the polymerase chain reaction. The amino acid sequence deduced from pTC14-1 was identical to that of a 14-kDa calcium-dependent galactosebinding lectin, TC-14, that had been purified from this species. Between the two clones, nucleotide sequence similarity was 90%, whilst that of the deduced amino acid sequences was 82%. The cDNA inserts of these clones hybridized weakly with each other. Antisense RNA probes prepared from these clones gave intense hybridization signals on Northern blots of the W strain, but very weak signals on those of the other strains. Therefore, both clones were suggested to originate from the W strain, but from two separate genes, since the base substitution was scattered throughout the entire translated region. The amount of TC14-1 mRNA increased during bud development, and peaked at 36 h after separation of the bud from the parental body wall. At this stage, extracellular matrix containing TC-14 lectin developed in the mesenchymal space around the morphogenetic region of the bud. There was much less TC14-2, than TC14-1 mRNA at every stage of bud development. TC14-1 and TC14-2 mRNAs were detected on Northern blots of RNAs from adults and growing buds, suggesting that these genes can be used as the earliest markers of budding in this species.