Explosives Detection: Sensors, Electronic Systems and Data Processing (NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics)

✍ Scribed by Lorenzo Capineri (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2020
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 343
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This volume presents selected contributions from the “Advanced Research Workshop on Explosives Detection” hosted by the Department of Information Engineering of the University of Florence, Italy in 2018. The main goal of the workshop was to find out how Science for Peace and Security projects in the field of Explosives Detection contribute to the development and/or refinement of scientific and technical knowledge and competencies. The findings of the workshop, presented in the last section of the book, determine future actions and direction of the SPS Programme in the field of explosives detection and management.The NATO Science for Peace and Security (SPS) Programme, promotes dialogue and practical cooperation between NATO member states and partner nations based on scientific research, technological innovation and knowledge exchange. Several initiatives were launched in the field of explosive detection and clearance, as part of NATO’s enhanced role in the international fight against terrorism. Experts and scientists from NATO members and partner countries have been brought together in multi-year projects, within the framework of the SPS Programme, to cooperate in the scientific research in explosive detection field, developing new technologies and methods to be implemented in order to detect explosive substances in different contexts.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Introduction
References
Contents
NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Explosives Detection
Holographic and Impulse Subsurface Radar for Landmine and IED Detection
Project Description
Engineering Silicon Carbide for Enhanced Borders and Ports Security (E-Sicure)
Project Description
Explosive Trace Detection for Standex (Extras)
Project Description
Portable Sensors for Unmanned Explosive Detection
Project Description
Standoff Coherent Detection of Warfare Chemicals Using Photoacoustic Spectroscopy
Project Description
Ground Penetrating Radar Attached to a Hexacopter for Automatic Mine Detection
Project Description
Biological Method (Bees) for Explosive Detection
Project Description
Magnetic Resonance & MW Detection of Improvised Explosive and Illicit Materials
Project Description
Comprehensive Package for Strengthening Jordanian C-IED Defence Capabilities
Project Description
Development of New Chemical Sensors and Optical Technologies for Fast and Sensitive Detection of Improvised Explosives
Project Description
Implementation of a Terahertz Imaging and Detection System
Project Description
Technology of High-Selective Imprinted Nanoantenna for Explosives Detection
Project Description
Microwave Imaging Curtain
Project Description
Development of Mine and IED Recognition System Based on Ultrawideband Technology
Project Description
Advanced Detection Equipment for Demining and UXO Clearance in Egypt
Project Description
Identification and Neutralization of Chemical Improvised Explosive Devices
Description a Global Threat
Increasing the Clearance Capability for Unexploded Ordnance in Montenegro
Project Description
Advanced Technology for Landmine Detection
ALIS Dual Sensor for Humanitarian Demining
Project Description
GPR Research for Military Search
Project Description
Scientific and Technical Contributions from Research Projects
Multi-Year Project: Holographic and Impulse Subsurface Radar for Landmine and IED Detection
Project Goals
Deliverables
GPR Array (1TX - 4RX) for Fast Target Detection
Holographic Radar for Target Discrimination 1.7-2.0 GHz
PMD Camera (Picoflexx) to Obtain Near-Real-Time Digital Terrain Models
Security Relevance
Science Relevance
Partnership Relevance
End Users
Technical Summary
Broader Impacts
Young Researcher Participation
Engineering Silicon Carbide for Enhanced Borders and Ports Security
Introduction
Deliverables
Security Relevance
Science Relevance
Partnership Relevance
End Users
Technical Summary
Broader Impacts
Young Researcher Partitipation
Contributions
Multi-Year Project: Explosive Trace Detection Sensor (Extras)
Project Goals
Deliverables
Security Relevance
Science Relevance
Partnership Relevance
End Users
Technical Summary
Broader Impacts
Young Researcher Participation
Multi-Year Project: UnExploDe: Portable Sensors for Unmanned Explosive Detection
Project Goals
Deliverables
Functionalised Germanium Nanowires or Carbon Nanostructures
Trinitrotoluene Sensor
System Made by Sensor Mounted on a Drone and Wireless Connection
Security Relevance
Science Relevance
Partnership Relevance
End Users
Technical Summary
Preparation of Sensors Based on Nanotechnologies
Preparation of Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)
Preparation of Germanium Nanowires
Functionalization
Contact Preparation and Electrical Characterization of Nanostructures
Broader Impacts
Young Researcher Participation
IMEM Institute
Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Sustainability of Parma
Institute of Physics of the Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences
Contributions
Presentations
Newspapers
Publications and Conferences
Multi-Year Project: Standoff Coherent Detection of Warfare Chemicals Via Photoacoustic Spectroscopy
Project Goals
Deliverables
Security Relevance
Science Relevance
Partnership Relevance
End Users
Background Information and Technical Summary
Introduction
Bulk Detection
Trace Detection
Electronic/Chemical Detection
Biosensors
Optical Methods
Photoacoustic Spectroscopy
Laser Doppler Vibrometry for Detecting Photoacoustics
Broader Impacts
Young Researcher Participation
Multi-Year Project: Project Title
Project Goals
Deliverables
Security Relevance
Science Relevance
Partnership Relevance
End Users
Technical Summary
Broader Impacts
Young Researcher Participation
Contributions
Multi-Year Project: Biological Method (Bees) for Explosive Detection
Project Goals
Deliverables
Security Relevance
Science Relevance
Partnership Relevance
End Users
Technical Summary
Broader Impacts
Young Researcher Participation
Contributions
Magnetic Resonance & Microwave Detection of Improvised Explosives and Illicit Materials
Introduction
NMR Sequences for T1 and T2 Relaxation Measurements
The Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill Sequence (CPMG)
Saturation Recovery Sequence
Superfast Inversion Recovery (SUFIR)
T1-T2 Correlation Sequence
CRELAX Sequence for Combined T1/T2 Measurements
Csaki -Bene Sequence for Measurements of T1
Conclusions on the Practical Use of the Above NMR Sequences
1H TD NMR Measurements for Detection of Liquids
General Consideration and References to Previous Work
A Few Examples of Typical 1H TD NMR Measurements
Low Field 14N NMR for Detection of Nitrogen-Containing Energetic and Dangerous Liquids
Experimental Results and their Discussion
1H TD NMR of Nitrogen-Containing Liquids
14N NMR of Nitrogen-Containing Liquids
Planar Photonic Crystal (PPC) Based Microwave Technique
Physical Background of the Method
Detecting the Real and Imaginary Parts of Permittivity Using the PPC-Technique for Fast Identification of Liquids
Influence of Technological Parameters on Complex Permittivity Detection
The Wall Thickness Affect
Effect of Container Material
Another Possible Application of the PPC Detection Technique
The Ethanol Concentration in Water
Determination of the Ethanol and Methanol Concentration in Water
Summary of the PPC-Based MW Sensor
Reflection Mode Method (26.5-40 GHz) and Application of Clustering/Classification Algorithms
Conclusions
Comprehensive Package for Strengthening Jordanian C-IED Defence Capabilities
Introduction
C-IED COE Introduction
C-IED COE DCB Supports
C-IED DCB Egypt & Jordan
C-IED DCB for Egypt
C-IED DCB for Jordan
Summary
Multi-Year Project: Development of New Chemical Sensors and Optical Technologies for Fast and Sensitive Detection of Improvise...
Project Goals
Deliverables
Security Relevance
Science Relevance
Partnership Relevance
End Users
Technical Summary
Broader Impacts
Young Researcher Participation
Contributions
Terahertz Imaging and Spectroscopy for Security and Defense Applications
Introduction
Physics of THz Electromagnetic Waves
The Far-Infrared Domain
Electromagnetic Response of Matter at THz Frequencies
Non-resonant Response of Matter to an Electromagnetic Excitation
Molecules
Solids
Liquids
Summary
THz Technology: Sources, Detectors and Components
Sources
The THz gap
Electronic Sources
Optoelectronic Sources
Other Sources
Detectors
Basics of Detection Physics
Electronic Detectors [7]
Optoelectronic Antennas
Bolometers
THz Absorption Spectrum of Molecules of Interest
Introduction
Explosives
Drugs-of-Abuse
Gases (Chemical Warfare)
Standoff Techniques
Imaging for Security Application
Requirements for Remote Sensing Dedicated to Security
Passive Imaging
Basic Principles: Thermal Emission, THz Power Budget
Cameras for Passive Imaging
Demonstration of Passive Remote THz Imaging
Active Imaging
Advantages and Drawbacks of Active Imaging
Cameras and Systems for Active Imaging
Demonstration of Active Remote THz Imaging
Future Prospects
Hyper-Spectral Imaging
THz Imaging through Brownout
Conclusion
Multi-Year Project: Technology of High-Selective Imprinted Nanoantenna for Explosives Detection
Project Goals
Deliverables
Security Relevance
Partnership Relevance
End Users
Technical Summary
Simulation of Spectral Response of the ``Spherical Gold Core-MIP Shell´´
LSPR Sensor Chip Fabrication and Characterization Based on Ag(Nanoparticles)-MIP
Design of Explosives Detector Prototype
Broader Impacts
Young Researcher Participation
Contributions
Stepped-Frequency Noise Radar for High Resolution 2D and 3D SAR Imaging
Introduction
Probing Signals for Stepped Frequency Noise Radar and Signal Processing
Hardware Stepped-Frequency Noise SAR
Software Stepped Frequency Noise Radar
SAR Imaging Using Software Stepped Frequency Noise Radar
Laboratory Tests of Software Stepped Frequency Noise SAR
Tomographic Imaging with MIMO Stepped Frequency Noise SAR
Conclusions
Dual Sensor ALIS (Advanced Landmine Imaging System) and Its Operation in Cambodia
Introduction
EMI Sensor and GPR
ALIS Development
ALIS Field Tests in Mine Affected Countries
ALIS
Evaluation Test in Cambodia
ALIS Operation in Cambodia
Advantage
Disadvantage
Conclusion
Explosive Detection: Growing of the Threat and New Approaches in Suicide Bombers Detection
Findings of the Advanced Research Workshop
Multidisciplinary Approach
Threat Diversity
Partnerships
Recommendations
Special Call for Proposals