Explosion Dynamics: Fundamentals and Practical Applications

✍ Scribed by Rangwala A.S., Zalosh R.G.

• Year: 2023
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 312
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Structured and comprehensive introductory guide to understanding and applying explosion dynamics concepts.
Explosion Dynamics thoroughly explores the physical phenomena of explosions and enables readers to understand controlling variables that govern temperature, pressure, and rate of increase in pressure respectively, while also providing a mathematical framework for characterizing and applying key concepts.
To promote seamless reader comprehension, this comprehensive textbook provides working examples, case studies, and assignments for self-study, as well as additional material such as property data for common gases and dusts, which supports the examples presented throughout the text.
Written by two highly qualified authors, topics covered in Explosion Dynamics include:
Similitude theory, similarity solutions, nonlinear systems of differential equations, gas dynamics, and chemical kinetics.
How a flammable mixture of gas or vapor or a suspension of powder, dust particles, or droplets forms in the industrial processing of hazardous materials.
Range of temperature, pressure, and concentration in which a flame can ignite and propagate.
How the “rate-of-pressure-rise” affects the overall explosion hazard and the viability of various explosion protection measures.
Providing a structured and comprehensive approach to the subject, Explosion Dynamics is an indispensable textbook that allows chemistry and engineering students, along with professional engineers and professionals in the chemical and food industries, to understand the fundamental mathematics and physics involved in explosions and develop appropriate protection and prevention measures.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Half Title
Explosion Dynamics: Fundamentals and Practical Applications
Copyright
Contents
Preface
1. Introduction
1.1 What Is an Explosion? Types of Explosions Covered in this Book
1.1.1 Nuclear Explosions
1.1.2 Pressure Vessel Bursts
1.1.3 Explosives
1.1.4 Closed Vessel Detonation
1.1.5 Steam Explosions
1.1.6 Closed Vessel Deflagrations
1.1.7 Building Deflagrations
1.1.8 Vapor Cloud Explosions
1.2 Controlling Parameters of a Combustible Gas/Vapor Explosion Hazard
1.3 Flame Propagation
1.4 Mixture Concentration – Definition of Flammability Limits
1.5 Minimum Ignition Energy (MIE) and Auto Ignition Temperature (AIT)
Exercise Problems
Nomenclature
Greek Symbols
Subscripts
Other Notations
References
2. Synopses of Explosion Incidents
2.1 Hydrogen Cylinder Trailer Module Explosion
2.2 Nylon Flock Dust Explosion
2.3 Flammable Vapor Explosion at Ink and Paint Manufacturing Plant
2.4 Jahn Foundry Dust Explosion
2.5 Upper Big Branch Coal Mine Explosion
Nomenclature
Subscripts
Other Notations
References
3. Explosion in a Closed Vessel
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The Movement of a Flame in a Premixed Gas–Air Mixture
3.3 Explosion Pressure Rise vs. Time in a Confined Vessel (Theory)
3.4 The Closed Vessel as an Experimental Platform for Standard Testing
3.5 Influence of Flame Wrinkling, Turbulence, and Dust on Flame Propagation
Nomenclature
Greek Symbols
Subscripts
Other Notations
References
4. Explosion in a Vented Vessel
4.1 Introduction: How Does Pressure Develop in a Vented Vessel?
4.2 Explosion in a Vented Vessel Neglecting Transient Effects
4.3 Pressure Generation in a Vented Vessel with Transient Effects
4.4 Flame Instabilities
4.5 Flame Front Turbulence and the Concept of Turbulent Burning Velocity ST
4.5.1 What Happens with Dust?
4.6 Pressures Generated in Vented Vessels – Experiments
4.6.1 Influence of Ignition Location
4.6.2 Effect of Obstacles
4.6.3 Influence of Vent Size and Turbulence with Obstacles
4.6.4 Influence of Turbulence with Vented Dust Explosions
4.7 Modeling Pressure Generated as a Function of Time in a Vented Vessel
4.7.1 Conservation of Mass
4.7.2 Expression for mu in Terms of P
4.7.3 Expression for mb in Terms of P
4.7.4 Expression for mv in Terms of P
4.7.5 Conservation of Energy: Expression for Vb in Terms of P
4.7.6 Final Equations for the Model
4.8 Pressure Developed Outside the Enclosure
4.9 Vent Design in Engineering Codes and Standards
Nomenclature
Greek Symbols
Subscripts
Superscript
Other Notations
References
5. Accumulation of a Flammable Mixture in an Enclosure
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Gas Filling in an Enclosure with Forced Ventilation
5.3 Gas Filling in an Enclosure with Passive Ventilation
5.4 Criteria for Mixture Uniformity
5.5 Concentration Buildup in an Enclosure by a Liquid Spill
5.5.1 Size of Spill
5.5.2 Evaporation of a Flammable Liquid Spill
5.6 Concentration Buildup in an Enclosure due to Dust
Nomenclature
Greek Symbols
Subscripts
Other Notations
References
6. Dimensionless Analysis
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Dimensional and Nondimensional Quantities
6.3 The Buckingham Pi Theorem
6.4 Procedure for Obtaining Pi Terms
6.4.1 Creating a Correlation
Nomenclature
Greek Symbols
Subscripts
References
7. Vapor Cloud Explosions
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Shape of Overpressure Curves: Pressure Wave, Shock Wave, and Blast Wave
7.3 The Classical Model of Pressure Developed by a Spherically Expanding Flame
7.4 TNT Equivalent Model
7.5 The Multienergy Models
7.6 Baker–Strehlow–Tang Model
7.7 TNO Model
7.8 The Williams Model
7.9 Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Modeling of VCE
7.10 Summary
Nomenclature
Greek Symbols
Subscripts
Other Notations
References
8. Dust Flames and Dust Explosions
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Elements of a Dust Explosion
8.3 Flame Structure – What Is a Dust Flame?
8.4 Dust Explosion Test Platforms
8.4.1 Hybrid Flame Analyzer
8.4.2 The Standard 1 m3 and 20-l Explosion Spheres
8.4.3 Minimum Ignition Energy (MIE) Tests
8.4.4 Dust Ignition Temperature Tests
8.4.5 Limiting Oxygen Concentration
8.4.6 Open Dust Deflagration Test Apparatus by Dobashi
8.5 Powder and Dust Processing Equipment
8.5.1 Particle Size Reduction Equipment
8.5.2 Ovens and Dryers
8.5.3 Dust Collectors
8.5.4 Other Powder and Dust Handling Equipment
8.6 Dust Hazard Analyses
8.7 Dust Explosion Venting
Exercise Problems
Nomenclature
Greek Symbols
Subscripts
Other Notations
References
9. Other Explosion Protection Methods
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Gas/Vapor Concentration Dilution
9.3 Inerting
9.4 Explosion Suppression Systems
9.5 Isolation
Nomenclature
Greek Symbols
Subscripts
Other Notations
References
Appendix A. A Review of Chemistry and Thermodynamics
A.1 Mole fraction (Xi) and a Mass fraction (Yi)
A.1.1 Mole
A.1.2 Molar volume of a gas
A.1.3 Gram-mole
A.2 Stoichiometry
A.3 Combustion Chemistry
A.3.1 Combustion of Propane
A.3.3 Represent as a Mixture
A.3.2 Combustion of Butane
A.3.4 Determine Volume Percent of Fuel
A.3.5 Determine Weight Percent of Fuel
A.4 Pressure
A.5 Energy Terms and Adiabatic Flame Temperature
A.5.1 Ethane in Air
A.6 Equivalence Ratio
A.6.1 Stoichiometric Coefficient
A.7 Heat and Heat Capacity
A.8 Entropy and Isentropic Process
A.8.1 Definitions
A.8.2 Ideal Gas Temperature – Entropy Relationships
A.8.3 Isentropic Relations
Exercises
References
Appendix B. Mathematica Code for Solved Examples
Index