I am enormously ο¬attered to be asked to supply a preface for this path-breaking volume of
essays about experiments embedded in surveys. I had hoped to contribute a chapter to the
volume with my friend and long-term collaborator, Stephen Fienberg, but Steve, active to the
end, lost his long battle with cancer before he was able to make the time to work on the chapter
we had planned to write. So, I would like to use this opportunity to write something about
the work we had done, and had hoped to continue, on the parallels between experimental and
survey methodology, on experiments embedded in surveys (and vice-versa), and some of the
considerations for analysis occasioned by such embedding.
We had long noted (e.g. Fienberg and Tanur 1987, 1988, 1989, 1996) that there are a great
many parallels between elements of survey design and experimental design. Although in fact
surveys and experiments had developed very long and independent traditions by the start of the
twentieth century, it was only with the rise of ideas associated with mathematical statistics in the
1920s that the tools for major progress in these areas became available. αe key intellectual idea
was the role of randomization or random selection, both in experimentation and in sampling,
and both R.A. Fisher and Jerzy Neyman utilized that idea, although in diο¬erent ways. αe rich-
ness of the two separate literatures continues to oο¬er new opportunities for cross-fertilization
of theory and tools for survey practice in particular.