The shortage of liver grafts results in the fact that 8% of potential recipients die before receiving a graft. Liver graft division has therefore been proposed to maximize the current available liver graft pool. However, the question of benefit or additional risk for the recipients that this technique might carry remains unanswered. The European Split Liver Registry was opened in March 1993 and reviewed retrospectively the clinical experience obtained at nine European centers regarding the use of split liver transplants, during the five year period from March 1988 to March 1993. From 50 donors livers, 100 grafts were prepared: 2 grafts were discarded and the other 98 were transplanted in 53 children (2 times in 3 children) and 42 adults (2/42 heterotopic position). Sixtythree grafts were implanted in an urgent recipient (half of whom had acute hepatic failure). Portal vein thrombosis, hepatic artery thrombosis, biliary complications and retransplantation rates were 4%, 11.5%, 18.7% and 18.7% respectively. Most of these complications were unrelated to the technique itself. Actual 6 month graft survivals of elective and urgent orthotopic transplants were 80% and 61.3% in children, and 72.2% and 55.6% in adults; actual 6 month patient survival rates for similar groupings were 88.9% and 61 .l% and 80% and 67.7% respectively. Similar rates were reported after conventional transplant in Europe. It is concluded that split liver transplantation is an efficient transplant technique that benefits both urgent patients who otherwise could have died before getting a graft in time and elective patients.