The role of polyploidy in the evolution of the sweet potato, I. batatas (2n = 6x = 90) became more clear in 1971 when wild species with 30, 60, and 90 chromosomes were discovered. These species, I. leucantha (2x), I. liftoralis (4x) and I. rrifida (6x), are the progenitors of the sweet potato (6x), in an autopolyploid series with doubling of the I. leucantha B genome. In the present study the hypothesis of the origin of the sweet potato was confirmed by comparative studies on some plant characters, sexual compatibility, and the behavior of artiticial hexaploids produced from I. leucantha (2x) and I. littoralis (4x). Since induced hexaploid I. leucantha exhibits weak growth, a few multivalents are formed at meiosis in the sweet potato, and there are differences in morphological and physiological characteristics between the artificial hexaploids and I. batatas, raw autoploidy seems unlikely, but a balanced or diploidised autoploidy could have been achieved by genie and chromosomal changes in the course of evolution. However, there is still sufficient homology so that meiotic pairing occurs usually between regular partners but also between homoeologous chromosomes in a certain situation.