<i>Evidence-based Dermatology, </i><i>Second Edition</i> is a unique book in the field of clinical dermatology. Written and edited by some of the worldβs leading experts in evidence-based dermatology, it takes a highly evidence-based approach to the treatment of all major and many of the less common
Evidence-Based Dermatology
β Scribed by Hywel Williams, Michael Bigby, Thomas Diepgen, Andrew Herxheimer, Luigi Naldi, Berthold Rzany
- Publisher
- BMJ Books
- Year
- 2003
- Tongue
- English
- Leaves
- 759
- Series
- Evidence-Based Medicine, Volume 33
- Category
- Library
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
β¦ Synopsis
This is a book about using the best evidence to inform treatment decisions for people with skin disease. It is written by dermatologists for dermatologists, using examples throughout to illustrate key points. The book starts off with a "toolbox" section, written in a way which will help those relatively new to the principles of evidence-based dermatology to understand the key issues, and equip them with the basics of how to tell a good study from a bad one. The majority of the book then deals with an evidence-based summary of the common and important skin diseases in a structured and easy to read format around common patient scenarios. Whilst most of the evidence is based on randomised controlled trials, other studies are cited where appropriate eg when discussing adverse events. The unique accompanying book website will contain updates of new chapters and studies as they become available.
β¦ Table of Contents
Contents......Page 6
Contributors......Page 10
Preface......Page 16
Foreword......Page 18
Dedication......Page 20
Part 1: The concept of evidence-based dermatology......Page 22
A vast array of clinical entities......Page 24
Large variations in terms of health care organisation......Page 25
Patientsβ preferences......Page 26
Self-control design......Page 27
References......Page 28
What evidence-based dermatology is not......Page 30
Working things out on the basis of mechanism and logic......Page 31
Personal experience......Page 32
The process of evidence-based dermatology......Page 33
Step 3: Sifting information for relevance and quality......Page 34
Conclusions......Page 35
References......Page 36
What are βconsumersβ?......Page 37
The visible nature of skin disease......Page 38
Education and information for self-care......Page 39
Consumers and research......Page 40
Consumer involvement in the process of evidence-based dermatology......Page 42
Conclusions......Page 43
References......Page 44
Structure of the Cochrane Collaboration......Page 45
The Cochrane Database of Methodology Reviews......Page 46
How does dermatology benefit from systematic reviews?......Page 47
The role of consumers......Page 48
Hand searching......Page 49
The future......Page 50
Contacting the Cochrane Skin Group......Page 51
References......Page 52
Part 2: The critical appraisal toolbox......Page 54
Structuring well-built clinical questions......Page 56
The advantages of well-built clinical questions......Page 57
References......Page 58
Medline searches......Page 59
Primary journals......Page 63
References......Page 64
7 The hierarchy of evidence......Page 65
References......Page 68
8 How to critically appraise systematic reviews and meta-analyses......Page 70
Sources of evidence within a systematic review......Page 71
Publication bias......Page 72
Pooling results......Page 73
References......Page 75
Generation and concealment of treatment allocation......Page 77
Accounting for all those randomised......Page 79
βSensibleβ outcome measures......Page 80
Testing the wrong thing......Page 81
Sponsorship issues......Page 82
References......Page 83
The limitation of randomised controlled trials (RCTs)......Page 85
Epidemiological studies: the most comprehensive source of data......Page 86
Back to the individual patient......Page 88
References......Page 89
Cost-effectiveness analysis......Page 91
Cost-benefit analysis......Page 93
Framework......Page 94
Data and methods......Page 95
References......Page 96
Trial participants are sometimes atypical......Page 97
Groups are different from individuals......Page 98
Conclusions......Page 99
Too many scales, and too many short-term studies......Page 100
Number needed to treat......Page 101
Limitations of aggregate data......Page 102
Values and belief models......Page 103
References......Page 104
Part 3: The evidence Section A: Common inflammatory skin diseases......Page 106
Aetiology/risk factors......Page 108
Relevant outcomes......Page 109
Efficacy......Page 110
Comment......Page 113
Efficacy......Page 114
Efficacy......Page 115
Adverse effects......Page 117
Summary......Page 119
Oral antibiotics......Page 120
Oral versus topical antibiotics......Page 121
Combination therapy......Page 122
Harms......Page 123
Implications for practice......Page 124
References......Page 127
Definition......Page 136
Methods......Page 137
Clarithromycin......Page 138
Efficacy......Page 139
Efficacy......Page 140
Efficacy......Page 142
References......Page 143
Methods of search......Page 146
Efficacy......Page 147
Tetracycline plus topical treatments......Page 148
Oxytetracycline plus topical steroids......Page 149
Drawbacks......Page 150
Comment......Page 151
References......Page 152
Aetiology......Page 153
Methods of search......Page 154
Methotrexate......Page 155
Implications for clinical practice......Page 156
UVB versus topical treatment......Page 157
Oral PUVA versus UVB......Page 158
Comment......Page 159
Implications for clinical practice......Page 160
Drawbacks......Page 161
References......Page 162
Acknowledgement......Page 164
Definition and diagnostic criteria......Page 165
Incidence/prevalence......Page 166
Environment......Page 167
Relevant outcomes......Page 168
References......Page 169
Efficacy......Page 170
Drawbacks......Page 171
References......Page 172
Application under wet wraps......Page 173
Comment......Page 175
References......Page 176
Implications for practice......Page 178
References......Page 184
Efficacy......Page 185
Comment......Page 193
Implications for clinical practice......Page 194
References......Page 195
Efficacy......Page 196
Comment......Page 197
Implications for practice......Page 198
References......Page 199
Implications for clinical practice......Page 200
Implications for clinical practice......Page 205
Drawbacks......Page 211
Drawbacks......Page 212
Efficacy......Page 213
Efficacy......Page 214
Comment......Page 215
References......Page 216
Case scenario 2: How should infected atopic eczema be treated?......Page 217
Comment and clinical implications......Page 218
Comment and implications......Page 227
Effectiveness......Page 228
Topical antiseptic versus no topical antiseptic......Page 229
References......Page 230
Case scenario 3: an adult with severe atopic eczema......Page 231
Drawbacks......Page 232
References......Page 238
Summary of the evidence base for atopic eczema......Page 239
Prognosis......Page 240
Ciclopirox olamine......Page 241
Efficacy......Page 242
Efficacy......Page 243
Efficacy......Page 244
References......Page 245
Definition......Page 247
Presentation of the evidence......Page 248
Hydrocolloid dressings......Page 249
Efficacy......Page 250
Phototherapy and photochemotherapy......Page 251
Clearance with NBUVB......Page 252
Clearance with oral PUVA......Page 253
Clearance with psoralen and natural sunlight......Page 254
PUVA or UVB versus topical therapies......Page 255
Drawbacks......Page 256
Versus etretinate......Page 257
Versus placebo......Page 258
Drawbacks......Page 259
Versus placebo......Page 260
Drawbacks......Page 261
Fumarates......Page 262
Efficacy......Page 263
Antibiotic therapy......Page 264
Low-dose retinoid versus placebo for maintenance of remission......Page 265
RePUVA......Page 266
Efficacy......Page 267
References......Page 268
Relevant outcomes......Page 274
Acitretin......Page 275
Drawbacks......Page 276
Comments......Page 277
Implication for practice......Page 278
Etretinate......Page 279
Comments......Page 280
Summary......Page 281
References......Page 282
Aetiology......Page 284
Antihistamines (first-generation H1 antagonists and H2 antagonists)......Page 285
Corticosteroids......Page 288
Comment β implications for clinical practice......Page 289
References......Page 290
Part 3: The evidence Section B: Skin cancer......Page 292
Mortality and morbidity......Page 294
Aims for primary prevention......Page 295
Comment......Page 296
Comment......Page 297
Comment......Page 298
Secondary prevention......Page 299
Comment......Page 300
Comment......Page 301
Implications for practice......Page 302
References......Page 303
Testing and regulation of sunscreens......Page 306
Possible drawbacks of sunscreens......Page 307
Efficacy......Page 308
Comment on sunscreen use and melanoma risk......Page 312
Comment on sunscreen use and BCC and SCC......Page 314
Implications for clinical practice......Page 316
Conclusions......Page 317
References......Page 318
Diagnosis......Page 322
Efficacy......Page 323
Efficacy......Page 324
Comment......Page 325
Comment......Page 326
Efficacy......Page 327
High-dose interferon......Page 328
Comments......Page 329
References for localised disease......Page 330
Efficacy......Page 332
Drawbacks......Page 333
Implications for clinical practice......Page 334
References for metastatic malignant melanoma......Page 335
Pathogenesis......Page 337
Diagnostic tests......Page 338
Effectiveness......Page 339
Comments......Page 340
Comment......Page 341
Comment......Page 342
References......Page 343
Incidence/prevalence......Page 345
Diagnostic tests......Page 346
Surgical excision......Page 347
Cryotherapy......Page 348
Implication for clinical practice......Page 349
Efficacy......Page 350
Efficacy......Page 351
Laser versus broadband halogen light......Page 352
Implication for clinical practice......Page 353
Interferon beta......Page 355
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)......Page 356
Implications for clinical practice......Page 357
Efficacy......Page 358
Implications for clinical practice......Page 361
References......Page 362
Definition......Page 365
Prognosis......Page 366
Relevant outcomes......Page 368
Efficacy......Page 371
Drawbacks......Page 372
Efficacy......Page 373
Comments......Page 374
Comments......Page 375
Efficacy......Page 376
Efficacy......Page 377
Efficacy......Page 378
Comments......Page 379
Comments......Page 380
Comments......Page 381
Combination TSEB regimens......Page 382
Efficacy......Page 383
Comments......Page 384
Efficacy......Page 385
Efficacy......Page 386
References......Page 387
Aetiology......Page 392
Methods of search......Page 393
Benefits......Page 394
Harms......Page 395
Radiotherapy......Page 396
Chemical peels......Page 397
Surgery and electrodesiccation and curettage......Page 398
Comments......Page 399
Comments......Page 400
Comment......Page 401
Comments......Page 402
Bowenβs disease......Page 403
Benefits......Page 404
Benefits......Page 405
Bowenβs disease......Page 406
Scenario 1......Page 407
Implications for future studies......Page 408
References......Page 410
Definition......Page 415
Incidence/prevalence......Page 416
Prognosis......Page 417
Cryotherapy......Page 418
Photodynamic therapy......Page 419
AIDS-related KS......Page 420
Classical and endemic (African) Kaposiβs sarcoma......Page 421
Comment......Page 422
Drawbacks......Page 423
Comment......Page 424
Bleomycin......Page 425
Paclitaxel......Page 426
Combination chemotherapy in endemic (African) Kaposiβs sarcoma......Page 427
Liposomal daunorubicin versus ABV chemotherapy......Page 428
Drawbacks......Page 431
Acute infusion reactions......Page 432
Comment......Page 433
Drawbacks......Page 434
Efficacy......Page 435
Implications for practice......Page 436
References......Page 437
Part 3: The evidence Section C: Infective skin diseases......Page 442
Prognosis......Page 444
Comment......Page 445
Comment......Page 446
PDT versus placebo......Page 447
Drawbacks......Page 448
References......Page 449
Acknowledgements......Page 451
Methods of search......Page 452
Versus oral antibiotics......Page 453
Comments......Page 454
References......Page 455
Aims of treatment......Page 457
Methods of search......Page 458
Implications for practice......Page 460
References......Page 461
Aims of treatment......Page 462
Search methods......Page 463
Fingernail onychomycosis......Page 464
Effectiveness......Page 465
Drawbacks......Page 471
Comment......Page 473
Comment......Page 476
General comments......Page 479
References......Page 481
Diagnostic tests7β9......Page 490
Versus ketoconazole......Page 491
Drawbacks......Page 492
Terbinafine......Page 493
Different terbinafine regimens compared......Page 494
Implications for practice......Page 503
Drawbacks......Page 504
Implications for practice......Page 505
Efficacy......Page 506
Implications for practice......Page 507
References......Page 508
Aetiology......Page 511
Haematological malignancies......Page 512
HIV infection......Page 513
Azole drugs......Page 514
Oral treatment......Page 515
Topical treatment......Page 516
Oral treatment......Page 517
References......Page 519
Introduction......Page 522
Outcomes......Page 524
Implications for clinical practice......Page 525
Treatment aims......Page 526
Definition......Page 527
Efficacy......Page 528
The endemic mycoses......Page 529
Opportunistic mycoses......Page 530
References......Page 531
Part 3: The evidence Section D: Infestations......Page 534
Diagnosis......Page 536
Benefits......Page 537
Drawbacks......Page 538
Benefits......Page 539
Drawbacks......Page 540
Benefits......Page 541
Additional comment......Page 542
References......Page 543
Method of search......Page 546
Drawbacks......Page 547
Efficacy......Page 548
Herbal treatments and essential oils......Page 549
Comment......Page 550
References......Page 551
Prognosis......Page 554
Drawbacks......Page 555
VIT versus placebo/no treatment/other treatment......Page 556
Drawbacks......Page 557
Comment......Page 558
References......Page 559
Part 3: The evidence Section E: Disorders of pigmentation......Page 564
Relevant outcomes......Page 566
Efficacy......Page 567
Comment/implications for clinical practice......Page 568
Efficacy......Page 569
Drawbacks......Page 570
References......Page 571
Aetiology......Page 573
Aims of treatment......Page 574
Case scenario 1......Page 575
Efficacy......Page 576
Implications for clinical practice/categorisation......Page 577
In black people:......Page 578
Drawbacks......Page 579
Comment......Page 580
Key messages......Page 581
Efficacy......Page 582
Comment......Page 583
Efficacy......Page 584
For consumers (the public)......Page 585
References......Page 586
Part 3: The evidence Section F: Hair problems......Page 590
Aims of treatment......Page 592
Drawbacks......Page 593
Comment......Page 594
Comment......Page 595
References......Page 596
Aims of treatment......Page 598
Benefits......Page 599
Versus each other......Page 600
Harms......Page 601
Benefits......Page 602
Case scenario 2......Page 603
Benefits......Page 604
Comment/implications for clinical practice......Page 605
Harms......Page 606
References......Page 607
Part 3: The evidence Section G: Leg ulceration......Page 610
Methods of search......Page 612
Complications......Page 613
Comment......Page 614
Benefits......Page 615
Benefits......Page 616
Benefits......Page 617
Benefits......Page 618
Complications......Page 619
Comment......Page 620
References......Page 621
Part 3: The evidence Section H: Less common skin disorders......Page 624
Aetiology......Page 626
Benefits......Page 627
Benefits......Page 628
Comments......Page 629
Harms......Page 630
Benefits......Page 631
Benefits......Page 632
Comments......Page 633
Harms......Page 634
References......Page 635
Definition......Page 641
Relevant outcomes......Page 642
Methods of search......Page 643
Current recommendations......Page 650
References......Page 656
Aims of treatment......Page 660
Benefits......Page 661
Comments......Page 662
References......Page 663
Prognosis......Page 664
Relevant outcomes......Page 665
Azathioprine......Page 667
Cyclosphosphamide......Page 668
Ciclosporin......Page 670
Plasmapheresis......Page 673
Summary......Page 674
Tetracycline......Page 675
References......Page 677
Prognosis......Page 680
Benefits......Page 681
Comment/implications for clinical practice......Page 682
Benefits......Page 683
Benefits......Page 684
Benefits......Page 685
Benefits......Page 686
Benefits......Page 687
Benefits......Page 688
Comment/implications for clinical practice......Page 689
Conclusions......Page 690
References......Page 691
Prognosis......Page 694
Comment......Page 695
Azathioprine......Page 696
Immunoglobulin......Page 697
References......Page 698
Prognosis......Page 699
Corticosteroids......Page 700
Benefits......Page 701
N-acetylcysteine (NAC)......Page 702
Benefits......Page 703
Topical treatment......Page 704
Benefits......Page 705
References......Page 706
Prognosis......Page 709
Benefits......Page 710
Comment/implications for clinical practice......Page 711
Surgical interventions β sympathectomy......Page 712
Benefits......Page 713
Harms......Page 714
Benefits......Page 715
Other interventions β salvia......Page 716
References......Page 717
Diagnostic tests......Page 719
Comment......Page 720
Efficacy......Page 721
References......Page 722
Part 4: The future of evidence-based dermatology......Page 724
Being explicit and systematic......Page 726
Keeping up to date and increasing precision......Page 727
Influencing the agenda of future dermatology trials......Page 728
Cheating......Page 729
Overreliance on RCTs......Page 730
So is it all just another fashion that will come and go?......Page 731
References......Page 732
Index......Page 734
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