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Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Smoking Warning Label on Raising Patient Awareness of Smoking and Bladder Cancer

✍ Scribed by Johnson, B.; Abouassaly, R.; Ghiculete, D.; Stewart, R.J.


Book ID
123207577
Publisher
Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Year
2013
Tongue
English
Weight
404 KB
Volume
190
Category
Article
ISSN
0022-5347

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## Abstract Smoking is considered the primary risk factor for bladder cancer. Although smoking prevalence and bladder cancer incidence vary around the world, bladder cancer is on average 4 times more common in males than in females. This article describes the observed male–female incidence ratio of