Epidemiology, stage at diagnosis, and tumor biology of breast carcinoma in multiracial and multiethnic populations
✍ Scribed by Carrie P. Hunter
- Publisher
- John Wiley and Sons
- Year
- 2000
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 275 KB
- Volume
- 88
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0008-543X
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
✦ Synopsis
All women, regardless of their racial or ethnic origin or heritage, are at risk of developing breast cancer. Variations in breast carcinoma incidence rates among multicultural populations suggest that etiologic factors differ in their biologic expression and impact on disease outcome. Key among those factors that affect breast carcinoma development are the roles of genetics and the environment, the reproductive experience and the effects of endogenous and exogenous hormones in women, the change in immune status and host vulnerability, and the biologic determinants of breast carcinoma. Cultural dynamics, sociodemographic differences, and behavioral characteristics across population subgroups modulate how biologic disease is expressed among different races and ethnic groups. These interactions contribute to the observed variations in breast carcinoma incidence, mortality, and survival. Stage, a measure of disease status, is used to assess prognosis, plan treatment, and evaluate outcome. Numerous studies have reported a more advanced stage of breast carcinoma at diagnosis in racial/ethnic subgroups, especially among women from African American, Hispanic, American FIGURE 3. Breast carcinoma mortality is shown by race/ethnicity. *New
Mexico only; **information not available; @the rate was not calculated when there were fewer than 25 cases.