A 'seamless web' framework of environmental regulation is emerging.
The seamless web provides a comprehensive and holistic framework for facilitating the transition to ecologically sustainable development (ESD). This seamless web comprises numerous threads, that is regulators and regulatory mechanisms, which provide the framework in which society may attain effective protection from environmental degradation. Regulatory bodies include government and state regulators, NGOs, industry peers, investors and consumers. Regulatory mechanisms and incentives range through lower costs, increased market share and long term resource access and sanctions ranging through incarceration of directors, license withdrawal, fines, falling profits, loss of market share and falling investor confidence. We conclude that self-regulation is a useful mechanism to promote environmental protection, and that industry will increasingly face pressure to improve its environmental performance from many stakeholders. The seamless web framework recognizes the pivotal role of industry in environmental regulation, catering for a range of corporate cultures, and thereby stimulating innovation of appropriate technology.