Environmental Policy and Reform in China

✍ Scribed by Jinnan Wang (editor), Hongqiang Jiang (editor), Gang Yan (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 404
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

The book is the collection of the latest research results from Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning in environmental policy and reform during the past years, mainly related to ecological compensation, the emission trading, the environment audit, carbon tax, environment friendly city, environmental health, economic policy in medical waste, scattered coal treatment subsidies, environmental policy efficiency analysis, environmental industry statistics, environmental performance evaluation, green fiscal and taxation policy, etc., presenting the latest achievements, developments and research trends in this field.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
Watershed Eco-Compensation in China: Practice and Review
1 Introduction
2 Practice of Watershed Eco-Compensation Both at Home and Abroad
2.1 Practice and Experience of Watershed Eco-Compensation in Foreign Countries
2.2 Practice of Watershed Eco-Compensation in China
2.3 Contrasts Between Ecological Compensation Means Both at Home and Abroad
3 Case Study of Watershed Eco-Compensation in China
3.1 Case Study of Xin'anjiang River Watershed Eco-Compensation
3.2 Case Study of Huaihe River Watershed Eco-Compensation
4 Suggestions on Consummating Legislation on Watershed Eco-Compensation
4.1 Defining Compensation Body and Compensation Object
4.2 Establishing Compensation Standards
4.3 Compensation Means
4.4 Source and Use of Compensation Fund
4.5 Compensation Implementation Mechanisms
References
Practices of Emission Trading in China: Exploration and Innovation
1 Introduction
2 The International Tendency of Emission Trading
2.1 Emission Trading for Air and Water Pollutants
2.2 Carbon Market Trading
3 Practices of Emission Trading in China
3.1 Stage of Start-Up and Attempts (1988–2000)
3.2 Stage of Experiments and Researches (2001–2006)
3.3 Stage of Further Development of the Pilot Projects (2007)
4 Nine Features of Pilot Exploration on Emissions Trading Policy in China
4.1 Government-Leading is the Major Impetus
4.2 The Paid Use is Mainly Employed During the Initial Allocation of Emission Permit
4.3 The Current Exploration is Mainly Concentrated in the Primary Market, the Liquidity of Secondary Market Has not Formed Yet
4.4 Coordination of Emission Trading is Ignored with the Existing Systems and Policies
4.5 Progress of Emission Trading are Mainly Based on the “Bottom Up” Promotion
4.6 The Piloting Exploration Modes of the Local Emission Trading is Diversified
4.7 Flourishing Development of Emission Trading Agencies
4.8 Deficiency of MRV System Results in Weak Infrastructure of Emission Trading
4.9 Carbon and Emission Trading Lacks Systematic Consideration
5 Development Trend of China in Emission Trading Policy
6 Six Remarkable Problems Emerged in the Pilot Projects
6.1 Supporting Laws and Regulations Are Inadequate
6.2 The Relationship with the Existing Environmental Policies is not Clear
6.3 Methods for Allocation of Emission Allowances and Mechanism for Initial Pricing Are Imperfect
6.4 Significant Expansion of Emission Trading Market is Difficult to Achieve in the Short Term
6.5 The Power of Pollutant Emission Monitoring, Supervising and Management Required for the Implementation of Emission Trading Are Still Inadequate
6.6 Emission Licensing System as a Basis of Emission Trading Has not Been Built
7 Basic Thoughts on Establishment of Emission Trading System in China
7.1 The Emission Trading System Shall Be Implemented in a Phased and Orderly Way with Break-Through Progress in Key Sectors and Regions
7.2 Greater Efforts Shall Be Made in the Construction of the Six Systems in Emission Trading
7.3 The Action Roadmap for the Advancement of Emission Trading
References
Chinese Environmental Audit System for the Government
1 Introduction
2 Overview of Environmental Audits at Home and Abroad
2.1 International Experience
2.2 History and Current Status of Environmental Auditing in China
3 Designing and Implementing Strengthened Environmental Auditing Systems in China
3.1 Objective and Basis of Environmental Auditing
3.2 Audit Institutions and Their Targets
3.3 Audit Types
3.4 Audit Process
3.5 Audit Evidence
4 Post-term Environmental Audit System for Senior Officals
4.1 Audit Institutions and Targets
4.2 Audit Types
4.3 Audit Implementation
5 Major Challenges in Implementing Government Environmental Audit
6 Roadmap and Policy Recommendations on Implementing Improved Chinese Environmental Audit Systems
6.1 Roadmap for the Environmental Audit Systems
6.2 Policy Suggestions for Improved Environmental Audit Systems
References
Developing Indicators and Monitoring Systems for Environmentally Livable Cities in China
1 Background and Methodology
2 Aggregation of Indicators into Sub-index and ELI
3 Composite of Urban Environmental Livability Index (ELI)
4 Trend Analysis in Major Cities
4.1 Beijing
4.2 Shanghai
4.3 Guangzhou
4.4 Wuhan
4.5 Lanzhou
4.6 Shenyang
5 Findings by Sub-index
5.1 Urban Aquatic Environments
5.2 Water Resources
5.3 Atmospheric Environment
5.4 Solid Waste
5.5 Acoustic Environment
5.6 Urban Ecological Environment
5.7 Urban Domestic Livability
5.8 Environmental Management
6 Conclusion and Prospect
References
An Analysis of Disease Burden Attributable to Urban Air Pollution in the Context of Population Ageing in China from 2010 to 2030
1 Introduction
2 Methodology and Date Sources
2.1 Average Potential Years of Life Lost
2.2 Premature Mortality Due to Air Pollution
2.3 Scenario Analysis
2.4 Date Sources
3 Results
3.1 How China’s Population Ageing Evolves
3.2 Impact of Ageing on Disease Burden Caused by Air Pollution in China
3.3 Prediction of Air-Pollution Disease Burden in Different Scenarios From 2010 to 2030
4 Conclusions
References
Research on Economic Policies for Centralized Disposal of Medical Waste
1 Introduction
2 Status Quo of Medical Waste Disposal Industry and Its Economic Policies
2.1 Status Quo of Medical Waste Disposal Industry
2.2 Economic Policy Framework for Medical Waste Disposal
2.3 Major Problems of Economic Policies
3 Preparation of Charging Policy for Medical Waste Disposal and Evaluation of Its Implementation
3.1 Preparation of Charging Policy
3.2 Implementation of Charging Policy
3.3 Major Problems
4 Analysis of Interest Relations in Medical Waste Disposal
5 Suggestions on Economic Policies for Medical Waste Disposal
5.1 Clarify Government Responsibility and Promote Innovation of Investment and Financing Mechanism
5.2 Make Economic Policy More Reasonable and Strengthen Policy Implementation
5.3 Strengthen Preparation and Implementation of Economic Policies During Operation
References
Study on Electricity Substitution Plan for Residential Scattered Coal in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region
1 Introduction
2 Scattered Coal Consumption and Air Pollution
2.1 The Definition and Types of Scattered Coal
2.2 Scattered Coal Consumption is the Main Source of Atmospheric Pollution in the North China in Winter
2.3 The Heating Methods Need to Be Upgraded
3 Current Pollution Caused by Scattered Coal in Beijing - Tianjin—Hebei Region and the Related Control Measures
3.1 Current Consumption of Scattered Coal and Its Environmental Impacts on Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region
3.2 Scattered Coal Control Policies in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region and Progress of Their Implementation
4 Analysis of the Mainstream Technology for ‘Coal to Electricity’
5 ‘Coal to Electricity’ Scenarios and the Relevant Costs in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region During the 13th Five-Year Plan Period
5.1 The General Guideline of Coal to Electricity
5.2 Application Scope and Technological Routes of ‘Coal to Electricity’
5.3 ‘Coal to Electricity’ Scenarios in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region and Their Costs
6 Analysis of Environmental, Economic and Social Benefits of ‘Coal to Electricity’ in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region
6.1 Environmental Benefits from Civil Scattered Coal Reduction
6.2 Other Benefits
7 Suggestions on Policies of Scattered Coal Control in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region
References
Cost–Benefit Analysis of Yellow-Label Vehicles Elimination Policy in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region
1 Introduction
2 Methodology and Data Sources
2.1 Research Scope
2.2 Technical Roadmap
2.3 Analytical Methods
2.4 Data Sources
3 Result Analysis
3.1 Scrappage Subsidy Program
3.2 Ban Program
3.3 Results
3.4 Uncertainty Analysis
4 Conclusions and Suggestions
4.1 Conclusions
4.2 Suggestions
References
Indicators-Based Environmental Performance Assessment for China’s Total Emission Reduction Policy During the 11th FYP (2006–2010)
1 Introduction
1.1 Main Contents of the Eleventh FYP Emission Reduction Policies
1.2 Significance for Performance Assessment
2 Methodology for Assessing the Performance of Emission Reduction Policies
2.1 Driving Force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) Framework
2.2 DPSIR-Based Performance Descriptive Indicators
2.3 Establish Emission Reduction Performance Indicators System
3 Analysis of Assessment Results
3.1 Overall Review at National Level
3.2 Sensitivity Analysis
4 Conclusion and Policy Recommendations
References
Feasibility on Establishment of EGSS-Based Environmental Industry Statistic Framework Under the Statistic System in China
1 Introduction
2 Analysis of Channels for the Introduction of EGSS Statistic Framework into China
2.1 Comparative Study of the Applicability of Various Survey Statistics for EGSS
2.2 Summary
3 China's National Economic Census and EGSS
3.1 The Third National Economic Census Related to EGSS
3.2 Measuring EGSS Variables Through the National Economic Census
4 China's Strategic Emerging Industry Statistics and EGSS
4.1 Classification of Statistic Objects
4.2 Comparative Analysis of Statistic Objects
4.3 Measuring EGSS Variables Through the Strategic Emerging Industry Statistics
5 Case Study: Chongqing
5.1 Harmonizing China's National Economic Census with EGSS Framework
5.2 Application of Strategic Emerging Industry Statistics in EGSS
6 Feasibility Analysis of Applying EGSS Framework in China
6.1 Feasibility of Collecting EGSS Data Through National Economic Census
6.2 Feasibility of Combining Strategic Emerging Industry Statistics and EGSS
7 Conclusions and Policy Proposals
7.1 Main Conclusions
7.2 Policy Proposals
Annex 1
Annex 2
References
Progress Report on China’s Green Finance Policy 2018
1 Persistent Demand and Strong Development
2 Rational Practice and Policy Implementation
2.1 Introducing Macro-policies in Strong Support of Green Finance
2.2 Effectively Advancing Green Finance Reform and Innovation in Five Pilot Zones
2.3 Maintaining Sound PPP in Ecological Improvement and Environmental Protection
2.4 Injecting Strong Impetus to the National Carbon Market
3 Diversified Products and Steady Growth
3.1 Sustaining Green Credit Market Growth
3.2 Deepening the Green Bond Market
3.3 Steadily Promoting Green Insurance
3.4 Active Practice in Green Development Funds and Green Asset-Backed Notes
4 In-Depth Cooperation and Extensive Exchanges
5 Conclusions
References
The Development and Challenges of Ecological and Environmental Think Tank in China
1 Background
2 Development Stages and Features
2.1 Start-Up Stage (1978–1997): Problem Oriented
2.2 Transformation Stage (1998–2012): Goal Oriented
2.3 Development Stage (2013 to Now): System Oriented
3 The Main Research Topics of Ecological and Environmental Think Tank
3.1 Environmental Protection
3.2 Eco-Civilization
3.3 Ecology and Environment
4 Discussion of the Research Topics
5 Challenges and Suggestions
5.1 Challenges
5.2 Suggestions
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
References