Environmental Hydraulics: Stratified Flows

✍ Scribed by Flemming Bo Pedersen (auth.)

• Publisher: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
• Year: 1986
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 279
• Series: Lecture Notes on Coastal and Estuarine Studies 18
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

The present lecture notes cover a first course in th~ most common types of stratified flows encountered in Environ­ mental Hydraulics. Most of the flows are buoyancy flows, i.e. currents in which gravity acts on small density differences. Part I presents the basic concepts of stagnant, densit- stratified water, and of flowing non-miscible stratified fluids. The similarity to the (presumed) well-known open channel flow, subject to a reduced gravity, is illustrated. Part II treats the miscible density stratified flows. In outlining the governing equations, the strong coupling between the turbulence (the mixing) and the mean flow is emphasized. The presentation and discussions of the basic governing equa­ tions are followed by illustrative examples. Separate chapters are devoted to Dense Bottom Currents, Free Penetrative Convec­ tion, Wind-driven Stratified Flow, Horizontal Buoyancy Flow and Vertical jet/plumes. Part III presents some examples of practical problems solved on the basis of knowledge given in the present lecture notes. It is the author's experience that the topics treated in chapter 8 and in the subsequent chapters are especially well­ suited for self-tuition, followed by a study-circle. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author has benefited by the valuable help of his col­ legues at the Institute of Hydrodynamics and Hydraulic Engin­ eering, the Technical University of Denmark, especially our librarian Mrs. Kirsten Dj¢rup, our secretary Mrs. Marianne Lewis and our technical draftsman Mrs. Liselotte Norup.

✦ Table of Contents

Front Matter....Pages N2-VII
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Introduction....Pages 2-5
Pressure Conditions and Potential Energy....Pages 6-16
The Motion of Non-Miscible Stably Stratified Fluids....Pages 17-33
Front Matter....Pages 35-35
The Equations of Continuity and Motion for Miscible Stratified Flows....Pages 36-54
Entrainment (V E )....Pages 55-60
Interfacial Shear Stress (τ i )....Pages 61-70
Dense Bottom Currents....Pages 71-79
Free Penetrative Convection....Pages 81-97
Winddriven Stratified Flow....Pages 99-112
Horizontal Buoyant Flow....Pages 113-126
Vertical Buoyant Jets and Plumes....Pages 127-145
Front Matter....Pages 147-165
Sediment Laden Buoyancy Jets....Pages 167-168
Dense Bottom Currents in Rotating Ocean....Pages 169-178
Laboratory Experiments on Entrainment due to Free Convection....Pages 179-196
Steady Wind Set-up in Prismatic Lakes....Pages 197-204
Diversion of the River Neva....Pages 205-212
Surface Jet at Small Richardson Numbers....Pages 213-232
Internal Seiches in a Stratified Sill Fjord....Pages 233-244
On Arctic Lakes....Pages 245-254
Front Matter....Pages 255-262
A Multipurpose Stratified Flow Flume....Pages 167-168
Back Matter....Pages 263-273
....Pages 275-278

✦ Subjects

Ecology;Oceanography;Fluid- and Aerodynamics